2 History of Osteopathy Flashcards
AMA declares it unethical for MDs to associate with DOs, labeled them “cult”
1922
Still was elected to what in 1857?
Kansas Legislature (active in anti-slavery movement)
1864: What did three of Still’s Children die from and what did another die of 1 month later?
spinal meningitis and pneumonia
Medications common during mid 1800s (before osteopathy)
Alcohol, Mercury, Calomel, Morphine, Cocaine, Purgatives, Cathartics
Who was the first flag officer in the medical corps of military service?
Rear Admiral Louis H. Eske DO - 1983
Who was the Past Surgeon General fo the Army?
Lt. General Ronald R. Blank DO (1996-2000)
Father of Antiseptic Surgery
Reduced surgical mortality from 45% to 15%
Joseph Lister
What year were first DOs accepted for residency training in Canada by University of Alberta (cardiology) and Univeristy of Calgary (Family Practice)?
1986
California public referendum prohibited granting of new licenses to DOs in the state
California Incident 1961
What year did Still’s wife Mary Margaret die? (leaving him with 3 children - two died within days of birth)
1859
Used UV light in medicine
Nils Finsen
DOs accepted as equal to MDs in military
1963
Osteopathic Woman’s National Association (OWNA) forms
1920s
What year does DO profession mount efforts to gain federal recognition and rights to serve in military?
1917
First female dean of medical college (MD or DO) at Ohio University (1993-2001)
First osteopathic physician to win Robert Wood Johnson Health Policy Fellowship
2001: VP of New York Institute of Technology Health and Sciences and Medical Affairs
2002: Dean of New York College of Osteopathic Medicine
(Elder) Sister to Diana Ross
Barbara Ross-Lee
KCCOS changes its name to what?
University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine
1980
How old was AT Still when he made a rope swing to treat a headache?
10 years old
First approval for Osteopathic residencies (71 positions approved, 37 filled)
1947
California incident was catalyst for what?
Opening of College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific
Obtaining full practice rights in all 50 states
1977
What year did Missouri grant DO licensure?
1897
What percent of the 11,118 cases of influenza and 513 cases of PNA resulted in death from osteopathic care?
0.25%
First female graduate from KCCOS (KCU) in 1917
Medical curriculum changed to 4 years the next year so she returned to complete another year and graduated 1918
Joined KCU faculty in 1919 and taught gynecology and pediatrics (Retired in 1981 at age 92)
Mamie Johnston 1889-1986
First inspection and approval of Osteopathic hospitals for internships (18 hospitals - 81 programs)
1936
AOA Chartered a new group (name?) in California for those who wanted what?
This was the start of a long court battle not resolved until when?
California Supreme Court ruling?
Osteopathic Physicians & Surgeons of California (OPSC); Those who wished to retain DO degrees
1974
Licensing of DOs must be resumed
National Osteopathic Women Physicians Association (NOWPA) established
1988
The name of the Committe in 1955 as part of AMA that inspects Osteopathic colleges recommends removal of “cult” label
Cline Committee
Postulated that disease spread from person to person by “seeds”
Thucydides 460-400BC
What year was the Influenza Pandemic (causing 30 million deaths worldwide in 6 months)
50-100 million died (3-5% of world’s population) during this period with 500 million people infected overall
1917-1918
1918-1920
Mary Elvira Still dies (married for 50 years)
1910
Still studied what what from his father?
Medicine and ministry
Scientist who isolated Anthrax
Robert Koch
Still fought in what war?
Civil War (Union) - highest rank a major
1861-1864
First to systematically study x-rays
Used x-rays diagnostically in 1896
Wilhelm Rontgen
AT Still marries second wife
Mary Elvira Turner - 1860
What year is Still “read out” or formally removed from Methodist Church
1874
This woman was a teacher from Indiana who had spinal meningitis and was treated successfully with Osteopathy.
Published several books and worked in histology and postulated CT model of SD
Award for Research in her name still exists
Louisa Burns 1970-1958
At what year were MD’s drafted for WWII (causing shortage of MDs in US; DOs still not serving in military)?
What happened when hospitals didn’t grant DO privileges?
1941
Rapid increase of DO hospitals
Used epidemiology to prove Cholera came from a contaminated water source in Bristol
William Budd
Congress legalizes DOs to serve in Civil Service and Armed Forces (40 years after effort began)
1957
What percent of medical students were minorities 2009-10?
40%
1892: AT Still supported equality for females in medicine. First class (A.S.O) included 5 women with one being his daughter named?
First woman to receive DO degree and became VP of AAAO
Blanche
Jeanette Bolles
Obstetrical clinic decreased mortality by 90% through handwashing
Died from infection
Ingaz Semmelweiss
California Incident: DOs were able to attain MD degree in CA by doing what?
How many practicing DOs traded in their DO for MD?
Attending 12 Saturday classes and paying $65
85%
Still coins the term “Osteopathy”
1885
Year that Association of Military Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons (AMOPS) formed
1977
American Association for Advancement of Osteopathy (AAAO) founded
1897
1910: Who travelled to all medical schools in US (MD & DO) and authored report on state of medical education (giving harsh criticism of both MD and DO schools)
How many DO schools left after report
Dr. Abraham Flexner
8
AAAO beomces American Osteopathic Association (AOA)
1901
A.T. Still
Birth date and location
Parents names and occupation
When did he move to Missouri
8/6/1828 - Lee County, VA
Abraham (Abram) - Methodist Circuit Rider and Physician
Martha - Uneducated (could read)
Moved to MO in 1830s
What school was established in 1916 by A.A. Kaiser DO & George Conley DO?
Kansas City College of Osteopathy and Surgery
What state becomes the last to grant licensure to DOs?
Mississippi 1973
What was the first school of osteopathy?
How many men and women?
How many were Still’s children?
When did second class begin and how much was a 2 year course?
American School of Osteopathy - 1892
17 men and 5 women
5 were Still’s children (Youngest child, Blanche)
Osteopathic Principles
- Person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit
- Body is capable of self regulation, self healing, and health maintenance
- Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
- Rational treatemnt is based on an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function
Cival War battle in KC
Battle of Westport - 1864
What state became first to legally license DOs?
Vermont (followed by North Dakota) - 1896
Associate Dean KCOM (now AT Still University) who was big in Civil Rights movement with Dr. King
Was AOA president 1994-1995 and on AOA board of Trustees for 20 years
William G. Anderson
Scientist who discredited spontaneous generation
Louis Pasteur
What year were DOs drafted as medical officers?
1967
What percent of DOs in active practice <10 years are women?
56%
A.T. Still MD, DO dies at age 89
1917
First used sterile rubber gloves in surgery in 1890
William Halstead
Cuban born graduate of KCU that was the President of Florida Osteopathic Medical Association1971-1975 andFirst Minority AOA President in 1988-89
Marcelino Oliva 1935-2011
AT Still’s first wife
Mary Margaret Vaughn - 1849
California Incident
What osteopathic school was converted to an allopathic medical school?
What two associations merged together?
College of Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons (COPS)
California Medical Association and California Osteopathic Association
1855: Still studied anatomy in who?
Indian cadavers after cholera epidemic (with tribal permission)
Used epidemiology to trace source of Cholera Outbreak
John Snow
1966: Who was the Secretary of Defense that directed Army, Navy, and Air Force to accept DOs that volunteer as officers?
Who was the first commissioned DO into the armed forces?
Robert McNamara
Harry J Walter (1966)
AT Still flung the banner of Osteopathy to the breeze
******10 AM June 22, 1874******
First “recorded” Osteopathic Treatment in Macon, MO
1874
