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Poultry Medicine > 2: Hen reproductive systemic > Flashcards

2: Hen reproductive systemic Flashcards

1
Q

Which side ovary and oviduct do chickens have?

A

Left, may have vestigial right

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2
Q

Where are the ovary and oviduct located?

A

Cephalic end of left kidney

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3
Q

How many ova are ovualted annually?

A

250

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4
Q

What must happen throughout cockerel life to remain sperm production?

A

Maintain body weight

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5
Q

Where does the ova go when released?

A

Infundibulum

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6
Q

Where does the female store sperm?

A

“Sperm nests”

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7
Q

How often are hens inseminated?

A

Every 5 days

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8
Q

How do you mate turkeys?

A

AI

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9
Q

After how long does the ova move into the magnum?

A

After 30 mins

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10
Q

What happens in the magnum?

A

Albumin formed

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11
Q

How long does the egg stay in the magnum?

A

3 hours

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12
Q

Where does the egg go after the magnum?

A

Isthmus

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13
Q

What happens in the isthmus?

A

Shell membranes

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14
Q

How long does the egg stay in the isthmus?

A

1.25 hours

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15
Q

Where does the egg go after the isthmus?

A

Uterus / shell gland

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16
Q

What happens in the isthmus?

A

Shell, shell pigment, cuticle

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17
Q

How long does the egg stay in the isthmus?

A

21 hours

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18
Q

What produces progesterone?

A

Maturing follicle

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19
Q

How does LH induce maturation?

A

On a light/dark cycle

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20
Q

How does clutch length affect overall production?

A

Increases

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21
Q

What are clutches like in older hen?

A

Shorter

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22
Q

After what time do you bring in another flock?

A

60 weeks

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23
Q

How can you encourage a second phase of production?

A

Can moult, but will be much lower production overall

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24
Q

How do you stimulate the hypothalamus?

A

Light energy

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25
Q

What is the photosensitive phase?

A

Lights on, and must be on 11-13 hours after they first come on

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26
Q

How high must the light intensity be?

A

10x higher than dark period

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27
Q

How many hour day for pullets?

A

8 hours

28
Q

What do you do to the light when pullets reach body maturity?

A

3 hour light increase to stimulate

29
Q

What else must happen to stimulate pullets?

A

Must reach an absolute body weight and % fat

30
Q

What happens if you stimulate pullets too earlu?

A

Can affect overall productive

31
Q

How quickly do ova reach maturity?

A

9-10d

32
Q

How many follicles are in the follicular hierarchy in chickens?

A

4-8

33
Q

What is the water source for the developing chick?

A

Albumen

34
Q

What is the energy source for the chick?

A

Yolk

35
Q

What provides the minerals for bone development?

A

Shell

36
Q

How many layers does the albumen have?

A

4

37
Q

What are the layers of the albumen?

A

Yolk (suspensory) attached to chalaziferous, inner liquid, dense/thick layer, outer thin or fluid layers

38
Q

What makes up the albumen?

A

Ovalbumen, ovotransferrin, ovoglobulin, lysozymal or bacteriocidial enzymes

39
Q

How many layers does the shell have?

A

4

40
Q

What are the layers of the shell?

A

Two proteinaceous membranes, true shell, proteinaceous cuticle

41
Q

What does the true shell consist of?

A

Mammilary and palisade or spongy layer

42
Q

Which mineral is the shell made up of?

A

CaCO3

43
Q

Where is the shell pigment laid down?

A

Uterus

44
Q

What colour eggs are more robust?

A

White layers

45
Q

What is the brown pigment made up of?

A

Haemoglobin byproduct

46
Q

What is the blue pigment made up of?

A

Oocyanin bile pigment

47
Q

In 250 eggs, how many times the calicum content of the body is this?

A

20x

48
Q

Where does the calcium come from?

A

Hen’s bones

49
Q

What two conditions can blood calcium be in?

A

Ionic or protein-bound

50
Q

Which hormone does serum calcium rise depend on?

A

Oestrogen

51
Q

By what % does skeletal weight increase prior to onset of lay?

A

20%

52
Q

What chemical reaction forms the carbonate in the uterus?

A

CO2 to HCO3 by carbonic anhydrase

53
Q

What counteracts the metabolic acidosis in the shell gland?

A

Increased resp rate and renal excretion of NH4 and P

54
Q

What % calcium should laying diets be?

A

3.7%

55
Q

What % calcium should rearing diets be?

A

1%

56
Q

What happens if not enough calcium?

A

Stops laying

57
Q

What causes a crinkly shell?

A

Energy deficit

58
Q

What happens to stressed birds eating?

A

Reduce feed intake, and have additional energy requirements

59
Q

What happens to hot birds eating?

A

Won’t eat

60
Q

What should male to female ratio be at 24 weeks?

A

9%

61
Q

What should male to female ratio be at depletion?

A

6.5%

62
Q

How often should you collect eggs?

A

Daily

63
Q

What temperature do you store eggs to prevent pre-incubation?

A

17 degrees

64
Q

What is humidity like when storing eggs?

A

High

65
Q

How long after collection do you incubate eggs?

A

3-5 days later

66
Q

What temperature do you incubate eggs?

A

25 degrees

67
Q

What must you do to eggs before they go in the hatchery?

A

Sanitise

Poultry Medicine (7 decks)

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