2. HCAI

Question 1

what are the 5 most common HCAIs

Answer 1

hospital acquired bacteraemia
UTI
surgical site infection
C. difficile colitis
hospital acquired pneumonia

Question 2

examples of increasing resistant organism

Answer 2

MRSA
VRE (Vancomycin-resistant enterococci )
ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase)
CRO ( Carbapenem Resistant Organisms)

Question 3

what are some examples of endogenous pathogens

Answer 3

s. epidermidis (gram positive cocci)
s. aureus (gram positive cocci)
diphtheriods (gram positive bacilli)
micrococcus luteus (gram positive cocci)

Question 4

whats the difference between transient and resident skin flora

Answer 4

resident: protectie, not easily removed, can cause infection
transient: loosely attached, removed with hand hygiene, cross infection source

Question 5

examples of duodenal gut flora (endogenous)

Answer 5

streptococci
lactobacilli
bacterioides
higher in achlorhydria (absence of HCL) and malabsorption

Question 6

examples of large bowel flora species (endogenous)

Answer 6

e.coli (100%)
enterobacter (40-80%)
klebsiella (40-80)
proteus mirabilis (5-55)
pseudomonas (3-11)
anaerobes: bacteriodes, bifidobacterium, eubacterium, peprostreotococcus, clostridium

Question 7

examples of urogenital flora (endogenous)

Answer 7

distal urethra:
enterococci, s. epidermidis, diphtheroids
e.coli, proteus and neisseria (non-pathogenic)

Question 8

examples of exogenous pathogens in the hospital environment

Answer 8

c difficile
pseudomonas
aspergillus
s aureus
legionella

Question 9

examples of exogenous pathogens on us and other patients (spreadable)

Answer 9

c difficile
s aureus
influenza
norovirus
blood borne viruses

Question 10

pathogens causing line infections in non-oncology patients

Answer 10

coagulase negative staph
s aureus
non-albicans candida species
enterococcus faecalis