2- Growth & Development

Question 1

Growth

Answer 1

The increase in size

Question 2

Development

Answer 2

An increase in complexity.

: Related to or occurs during the time that an individual organism is growing or maturing.

Question 3

Longitudinal Growth Data

Answer 3

reciprocity in which boys and girls grow
measuring one person for a period of time. This is what you get when you are measured at a pediatricians office.

= seeing the growth of 1 individual over time.

• we want to use this as a reference, not a standard

Question 4

Sexual Dimorphism

Answer 4

Girls have a shorter growth spurt, but start earlier.
Boys have a longer growth spurt, but starts later.
(where we get sexual dimorphism related to stature)

Question 5

Distance Curve

Answer 5

typical height curve- distance somebody is growing / the amount they have grown.
this type of data is longitudinal data

Babies stature tends to change very radically between 2 and after 2- start measuring them standing up)

Question 6

Adolescent Growth Spurt

Answer 6

We start growing much more rapidly.

Studying the increase in stature. First seeing a steady increase, and then levels off.

girls- shorter/ starts earlier/
boys- longer/ starts later

Question 7

Growth Rate/ Growth Velocity

Answer 7

Looking at the rate of growth. This is how much height you gain in a given year.

Question 8

Peak Height Velocity

Answer 8

How much height you gained in a given year.

• girls PHV tend to be smaller than boys.
• the amount of rapidity at which boys and girls grow is different.

Question 9

Mosaic Evolution

Answer 9

the occurrence, within a given population of organisms, of different rates of evolutionary change in various changes in various body structures and functions.

Question 10

Reference versus standard

Answer 10

reference
- something that you use as a guide so we can compare to all of you and where we fit on the chart.

standard- implies how you should be. how the middle line would be best for everybody. average when it was taken.

Question 11

Cross- sectional data

Answer 11

having many kids at the same age, and taking an average of what their stature and weight is.

• not all the same kids, but it is looking at averages- looked at by the CDC. Used in DR. offices.

Question 12

Socioeconomic Status

Answer 12

Wealth, Education, etc.
Can be displayed through:
- Land
-Income
-Infant Feeding Practices 
-Health Practices
- Environmental Sanitation

Question 13

NCHS reference data

Answer 13

National Center for Health Statistics
charts created for averaging and tracking development for boys and girls. Most starts at
- Girls :weight for stature %
- Birth to 36 months: Boys Length-for-age and weight-for-age %
- Girls birth to 36 months: head-circumferences-for-age and weight-to length %
- Boys: 2-20 years: stature-for-age and weight-for-age %

Question 14

Stunting

Answer 14

small for your stature

Question 15

Wasting

Answer 15

low weight for your height

Question 16

Catch-up Growth

Answer 16

" the deficit as soon as possible and catch up with th original growth-curve."
different phases of growth
Factors affecting CUG:
- Malnutrition
-GH Deficiency 
- Inter Uterine Growth Retardation
- Hypothyroidism 
- Celiac Disease -

Question 17

Growth Periods(4)

Answer 17

Pre-Natal Period:
- before you are born. This is where you have a huge growth of development.

Infancy Period:
- the period before a child is weaned

Childhood Period:

Adolescents Period:
- this is marked by puberty. Ends when you stop growing- marked by the final fusion of the

Question 18

Canalization

Answer 18

The tendency of a trait to follow a certain course or trajectory over time.
growth being a domiant biological activity from prenatal phase till the attainment of adulthood- leads to many biological changes in an organism.