2- Blood Polymorphisms

Question 1

Polymorphism

Answer 1

having various forms of alleles

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

variants of a single gene;

Question 3

Antigen

Answer 3

biochemical substances that mark cells as belonging to ourselves or not.

• the arms/ extenders
• the things sticking off of a blood cell
• they can react to antigens that are on a different blood type.

Question 4

Antibody

Answer 4

special proteins that can lock, selectively, onto the invading cells’ antigens and effectively disarm them.

Question 5

Rh Factor

Answer 5

A protein in the red blood cell called the rhesus factor.
they are RH +
- small % of the global population is missing this protein. RH-

• BLOOD GROUPS ARE INCOMPATIBLE= DEADLY REACTIONS

RH- woman becomes pregnant with RH+ baby.
- mothers immune system will consider baby blood invaders.
= stillbirth, permanent disability, brain damage, death.
immune reactions occurs in mothers first pregnancy’.
only completed after the baby is born.

why first babies are typically spared from RH disease. already born by the time the mothers immune system has time to react. leaves all future rh+ babies at risk of getting the disease.

1960’s- cure- injection before and after delivery. too small to hurt baby, potent enough to keep the mothers immune system from reacting. antibodies help mask fetus red blood cells.

RH Disease irradiated in wealthy nations- routine for at risk pregnancies

Question 6

Red Blood Cell

Question 7

Plasma

Answer 7

the antibody generator

Question 8

Blood Type A

Answer 8

Circle Pattern in arms
Type A Blood:
- Antibodies in Plasma= Anti-B
- Antigens in Red Blood Cell= A Antige

Question 9

Blood Type B

Answer 9

Diamond Pattern Extenders
Antibodies in Plasma = Anti A
Antigens in red blood cell= B antigen

Question 10

Blood Type AB

Answer 10

Diamond & circle arm extenders
Antibodies in the plasma= none
antigens in the red blood cell= A & B antigens

Can only take blood from AB

Question 11

Blood Type: O

Answer 11

Blank Arm extenders
Antibodies in the plasma = Anti A & Anti- B
Antigens in the red blood cell= None

can only take blood from other O
- all O is homozygous

Question 12

What do blood types matter o anthropologists?

Answer 12

• describe genetic variation within a population
• compare genetic diversity between populations
• model population history
• estimate admixture (gene flow)
• evidence of natural selection and adaptation

Question 13

Blood Transfusion Perspective

Answer 13

blood from another blood type will attack blood cells

• blood coagulates and gets clumpy- forming clots that can be lethal.