2. Global PH Flashcards
Trends in Caries Among Children
Developed vs. Developing Countries
Fluoride & Fluoridation
Sugar Consumption
Ratio of Dentists and Dental Providers
• Trends are beginning to level out ○ Increased access to \_\_\_\_ and fluoridation, and reduced sugar consumption > DMFT of about 2.5 ○ Based on how many \_\_\_\_ in a community
fluoride
dentists
• Map regarding caries for adults
○ US is moderate
○ Too much fluoridation in ____ and other Asian countries
○ ____ worldwide regarding children and adults
china
variation
- Perio disease
- Most countries are between ____ (0 is the lowest)
- ____ in periodontal status
2 and 3
variation
• Oral cancer among females; althought much higher in ____ then they are in females
• ____ has high oral cancer rates
○ Beetle nut
men
india
• Oral cancer among males
○ Related to ____ use
○ High in the ____, Europe
tobacco
US
• NOMA
○ ____
○ China
○ Poor ____ and poverty
sub-saharan africa
nutrition
• Distribution of dentists
○ Ideal is 1 dentist for every ____ individuals
§ Shortage in US is defined as 1 in every ____ individuals
○ Other countries have shortages
2000
5000
dentists working
* \_\_\_\_ has the highest * \_\_\_\_ the lowest
north america
central africa
World-Wide average: ____ Dentists per 100,000 Shortage: ____ Dentists per 100,000
* Worldwide do not have a \_\_\_\_, but there are vast \_\_\_\_ in countries * Political \_\_\_\_ and low \_\_\_\_ standards have fewer dentists
29 20 shortage variation unrest socio-economic
Global oral health providers
• High in income were doing well in \_\_\_\_ ratio; lower income countries were very few ○ Related to \_\_\_\_ status of a country • Distribution is very \_\_\_\_ ○ Related to the socio-economic status of the country
dentist:population
socio-economic
skewed
A review of global literature on dental therapists
- Found in ____ Countries
- Most work with ____
- Most work in ____ settings and also ____ areas, most often with ____
- Provide technically ____ care
- Formal ____, most commonly 2 years
54 general supervision public health underserved children competent education
Hesperian foundation
• How best to provide care when there isn't a \_\_\_\_around
dentist
NIDCR Global Research Mission
Global Research Activities Support & Expand \_\_\_\_ Systems Partner with \_\_\_\_ Staff Respect \_\_\_\_ Norms Expand Body of \_\_\_\_ Apply Knowledge \_\_\_\_
existing local cultural knowledge globally
World Health Organization
Premier world wide resource for oral health
World Congress 2015: Tokyo Declaration Spring 2016: Global Oral Cancer Forum
yay
Standardizing Research in
& Implementing
Designing Oral Health Surveys
\_\_\_\_, DMFS CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs) \_\_\_\_ HIV and Oral Health \_\_\_\_ Developmental Disorders \_\_\_\_ Cancer
Economic impact of oral disease
DMF
noma
edentulousness
oral
World Health Organization Basic Package of Oral Care (BPOC) 2002
____ (OUT)
____ (AFT)
____ (ART)
* Basics people should get in oral care * Prevention, restorative and fixing
oral urgent treatment
affordable fluoride toothpaste
atraumatic restorative treatment
Oral Urgent Treatment (OUT)
___ From Oral Pain
First Aid For Oral ___
Referral for ___ Cases
• Teaching OR to extract teeth
relief
infections
surgically complex
Affordable Fluoride Toothpaste (AFT)
Ø Basic Level of \_\_\_\_ Care Ø \_\_\_\_ Based Intervention Ø Financial Access Ø Economic Development Ø \_\_\_\_ Water Ø Cultural Norms
• Preventative
preventive
community/nation
clean
atraumatic restorative therapy (ART)
interim therapeutic restoration (ITR)
- description of ____
- ____ restorations
- silver diamine fluoride
- ____ results
- personnel required
- ____
- disadvantages
- Restorative
- ART is done with SDF to provide a glass ionomer restoration to use without a ____
- Can use an ____ when no electricity
technique
glass ionomer
research
advantages
bur
excavator
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
Ten year plan
- ensure a minimum level of ____ to care
- integrate oral health care into ____ (PHC) & schools
- ____ up on proven cost effective interventions, specifically ____• Scale up on proven activities
access
primary health care
scale
caries prevention
PAHO’s multi-year plan for ____programs in the region of the americas
• Can use salt fluoridation when unsafe water elvels
water-salt fluoridation
direct cost of caries prevention programs
sealants > supplements > water fluoridation > salt fluoridation
* \_\_\_\_ fluoridation is so much cheaper than the others * All proven activites to scale up when price is. Factor > salt fluoridation is best (home)
household
• Using ____ and ____ programs all decreased DMFT
salt fluoridation
educational
95% sound permanent teeth
____% percentage of caries free children
Fluorosis, using Dean’s criteria, was negligible
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