2. Global PH Flashcards
Trends in Caries Among Children
Developed vs. Developing Countries
Fluoride & Fluoridation
Sugar Consumption
Ratio of Dentists and Dental Providers
• Trends are beginning to level out ○ Increased access to \_\_\_\_ and fluoridation, and reduced sugar consumption > DMFT of about 2.5 ○ Based on how many \_\_\_\_ in a community
fluoride
dentists
• Map regarding caries for adults
○ US is moderate
○ Too much fluoridation in ____ and other Asian countries
○ ____ worldwide regarding children and adults
china
variation
- Perio disease
- Most countries are between ____ (0 is the lowest)
- ____ in periodontal status
2 and 3
variation
• Oral cancer among females; althought much higher in ____ then they are in females
• ____ has high oral cancer rates
○ Beetle nut
men
india
• Oral cancer among males
○ Related to ____ use
○ High in the ____, Europe
tobacco
US
• NOMA
○ ____
○ China
○ Poor ____ and poverty
sub-saharan africa
nutrition
• Distribution of dentists
○ Ideal is 1 dentist for every ____ individuals
§ Shortage in US is defined as 1 in every ____ individuals
○ Other countries have shortages
2000
5000
dentists working
* \_\_\_\_ has the highest * \_\_\_\_ the lowest
north america
central africa
World-Wide average: ____ Dentists per 100,000 Shortage: ____ Dentists per 100,000
* Worldwide do not have a \_\_\_\_, but there are vast \_\_\_\_ in countries * Political \_\_\_\_ and low \_\_\_\_ standards have fewer dentists
29 20 shortage variation unrest socio-economic
Global oral health providers
• High in income were doing well in \_\_\_\_ ratio; lower income countries were very few ○ Related to \_\_\_\_ status of a country • Distribution is very \_\_\_\_ ○ Related to the socio-economic status of the country
dentist:population
socio-economic
skewed
A review of global literature on dental therapists
- Found in ____ Countries
- Most work with ____
- Most work in ____ settings and also ____ areas, most often with ____
- Provide technically ____ care
- Formal ____, most commonly 2 years
54 general supervision public health underserved children competent education
Hesperian foundation
• How best to provide care when there isn't a \_\_\_\_around
dentist
NIDCR Global Research Mission
Global Research Activities Support & Expand \_\_\_\_ Systems Partner with \_\_\_\_ Staff Respect \_\_\_\_ Norms Expand Body of \_\_\_\_ Apply Knowledge \_\_\_\_
existing local cultural knowledge globally
World Health Organization
Premier world wide resource for oral health
World Congress 2015: Tokyo Declaration Spring 2016: Global Oral Cancer Forum
yay
Standardizing Research in
& Implementing
Designing Oral Health Surveys
\_\_\_\_, DMFS CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs) \_\_\_\_ HIV and Oral Health \_\_\_\_ Developmental Disorders \_\_\_\_ Cancer
Economic impact of oral disease
DMF
noma
edentulousness
oral
World Health Organization Basic Package of Oral Care (BPOC) 2002
____ (OUT)
____ (AFT)
____ (ART)
* Basics people should get in oral care * Prevention, restorative and fixing
oral urgent treatment
affordable fluoride toothpaste
atraumatic restorative treatment
Oral Urgent Treatment (OUT)
___ From Oral Pain
First Aid For Oral ___
Referral for ___ Cases
• Teaching OR to extract teeth
relief
infections
surgically complex
Affordable Fluoride Toothpaste (AFT)
Ø Basic Level of \_\_\_\_ Care Ø \_\_\_\_ Based Intervention Ø Financial Access Ø Economic Development Ø \_\_\_\_ Water Ø Cultural Norms
• Preventative
preventive
community/nation
clean
atraumatic restorative therapy (ART)
interim therapeutic restoration (ITR)
- description of ____
- ____ restorations
- silver diamine fluoride
- ____ results
- personnel required
- ____
- disadvantages
- Restorative
- ART is done with SDF to provide a glass ionomer restoration to use without a ____
- Can use an ____ when no electricity
technique
glass ionomer
research
advantages
bur
excavator
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
Ten year plan
- ensure a minimum level of ____ to care
- integrate oral health care into ____ (PHC) & schools
- ____ up on proven cost effective interventions, specifically ____• Scale up on proven activities
access
primary health care
scale
caries prevention
PAHO’s multi-year plan for ____programs in the region of the americas
• Can use salt fluoridation when unsafe water elvels
water-salt fluoridation
direct cost of caries prevention programs
sealants > supplements > water fluoridation > salt fluoridation
* \_\_\_\_ fluoridation is so much cheaper than the others * All proven activites to scale up when price is. Factor > salt fluoridation is best (home)
household
• Using ____ and ____ programs all decreased DMFT
salt fluoridation
educational
95% sound permanent teeth
____% percentage of caries free children
Fluorosis, using Dean’s criteria, was negligible
61
EMW Dental Program
Began in 1995 by Dr. Charles Craft
1996: original clinic near China Beach
2000: current clinic in Da Nang
2004: milestone of having treated >10,000 children
Treated > 82,000 children to date
Patient population
Da Nang School for the Blind EMW’s Village of Hope
Tuong Lai School for Disabled Children
Hoi An Handicapped Orphanage Street Children’s Center
Rural primary schools around Da Nang
yay
Challenges in International Mission Efforts
Combination of ____, Preventive and ____ Efforts
Ability and ____ of Dental Care Providers
Program ____
Ethical Considerations of ____, Beneficience, ____, justice
education clinical credentialing sustainability autonomy non-maleficence
Vacation Travel for Dental Care
Cheaper dental care at what cost?
Emergency during care
Continuity of care after procedure
Popular countries: ____, Costa Rica, Thailand
• Border states, have patients travel for \_\_\_\_ dental care
mexico
cheaper
