2 Female Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards
What is the capsule covering the ovary made from?
Peritoneum
Why do women sometimes get a sharp pain at ovulation?
Egg ruptures peritoneum- disruption of sensory nerves
Why do nuns tend to get ovarian cancer?
More ovulations (don’t get pregnant)
More times egg ruptures peritoneum
What symptoms might a patient with an ovarian cyst present?
- Bloating
- Pain
- Discomfort during intercoure
Fill in the missing labels:
Where does the uterus sit relative to the rectum and the bladder?
Behind and above bladder
Anterior to rectum
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What is the name of the hole shown on this image?
External os
What are the fornices? (female repro)
Space between cervix and vagina
Which one of these women has had a baby and which has not?
What is the pathology of this cervix?
Cervical cancer
(reason for smear tests)
Fill in the missing labels in the following diagram showing the uterus at term:
Where does fertilisation occur in the uterine tubes?
Ampulla
Why is an ectopic pregnancy a medical emergency?
Can cause catastrophic haemorrhage- acute abdomen
What do the fimbriae do?
Pick up the egg from the peritoneal cavity once it has been released from the ovary
Name 2 types of specialised cells which can be found in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
- Peg (secretory cells)
- Ciliated cells
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What is the broad ligament?
Peritoneal fold
Attaches uterus to pelvic side wall
Which 2 ligaments in the female reproductive system are remnants of the gubernaculum?
- Round ligament (attached to labia majora)
- Ligament of ovary
What does the suspensory ligament contain?
Neurovascular pathway- bulges into peritoneum
What is the ? labelling in the following diagram? Why is it significant?
Anastamoses between Uterine and Vaginal artery
Need to be careful when doing histerectomy- risk of bleeding
Where on this diagram is the angle of anteflexion?
What is the uterus said to be if the angle of anteflexion if >180 degrees?
>180 degrees = retroflexed
Where on this diagram is the angle of anteversion?
What is the uterus said to be if the angle of anteversion if >180 degrees?
>180 degrees = retroverted
What cell types lines the wall of the vagina? What else can be found in the wall?
Stratified squamous epithelia
Contains lots of glycogen
glycogen metabolised by bacili- converted to lactic acid
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Describe the venous and lymphatic drainage of the ovaries.
Venous:
- Right
- Right ovarian
- IVC
- Right ovarian
- Left
- Left ovarian
- Left renal
- IVC
- Left renal
- Left ovarian
Lymphatic
- Para-aortic nodes
Describe the venous and lymphatic drainage of the uterus.
Venous:
- Plexus in broad ligament
- Uterine veins
Lymphatic:
-
Fundus
- Para-aortic
- Superficial inguinal
-
Body
- External iliac
Describe the venous and lymphatic drainage of the cervix.
Venous:
- Plexus in broad ligament
- Uterine veins
Lymphatic:
- Iliac
- Sacral aortic
- Inguinal
Describe the venous and lymphatic drainage of the vagina.
Venous:
- Vaginal venous plexus
- Uterine vein
- Internal iliac
- Uterine vein
Lymphatic:
- Superior
- External iliac nodes
- Middle
- Internal iliac nodes
- Inferior
- Superficial inguinal nodes
Label the parts of the fallopian tubes:
Fill in the missing labels:
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What complications can occur as a result of ovarian cysts?
- Torsion/rupture
- Polycystic ovaries= more than 10 cysts–> common cause of infertility
How can chronic infection in the fallopian tubes lead to infertility?
Scarring
Tubes usually lined with cilia- required for transport of ova to uterus
Name the divisions of the broad ligament. (divided according to surrounding structures) (3)
- Mesovarium- around ovary
- Mesometrium- between pelvic wall and uterus
- Mesosalpinx- surrounding fallopian tubes
Where does the uterine artery run in relation to the broad ligament?
Runs between layers of broad ligament
What is another name for the rectouterine pouch?
Pouch of douglas
Why are the vesicouterine and rectouterine pouches relevant clinically?
Sites of fluid collection
