1 Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards
Fill in the missing labels in the following diagram:
What happens to the sperm in the epididymus?
Sperm matures
Fill in the missing labels:
What is hydrocoele?
Tunica vaginalis fills with fluid
Can transilluminate
Where would you be able to find a sertoli cell and what does it do?
Within seminiferous tubule
Facilitates spermatogenesis
Where would you find Leydig cells and what do they do?
In tissue between seminiferous tubules
Make testosterone
(High amount of sER- producing lipids)
How does the blood supply to the left testicle differ from the blood supply to the right?
- Left:
- Renal vein–> testicular vein
- Right:
- Inferior vena cava–> testicular vein
Both: Abdominal aorta–> testicular arteries
Where does the lymph from the testes drain to?
Para- aortic lymph nodes
Where does the lymph from the skin of the scrotum drain to?
Inguinal lymph nodes (more superficial)
What is testicular torsion?
Torsion of spermatic cord
Veins occluded
SURGICAL EMERGENCY
RISK OF INFERTILITY
Can be caused by bell-clapper deformity
How does the spermatic fascia surrounding the testes and its vessels form?
GUBERNACULUM- guides testes down
Envaginates abdominal wall (3 layers of abdominal wall muscles)
=What is contained within the spermatic cord?
Rule of 3s
=3 Facial layers
3 Arteries
3 Veins
3 Nerves
Vas deferens
Where does the ureter pass in relation to vas deferens (aka ductus deferens)?
Underneath
Water under the bridge
What are the functions of the penis?
- Peeing
- Deposition of sperm in vagina
- Removal of competitors sperm
Name these two erectile tissues:
Explain how you would catherterise a male patient?
2 bends
- Lift penis to straighten first bend
- Pull penis down to straighten second
Label the parts of the urethra shown on the following diagram:
Which area of the prostate do you palpate on examination? What are you checking for?
Peripheral zone
Prostate cancer: will feel hard/irregular
Which prostate zone is affected by BPH?
(Benign Prostate Hyperplasia)
Affects elderly men
Transitional zone
Surrounds urethra
Issues peeing- stop start etc
How does an erection occur- with relation to the penis.
- Parasympathetic stimulation- vasodilation
- Vasodilation of penile arterioles
- Compression of veins
How is an erection terminated with relation to the structure of the penis?
Sympathetic stimulation–> vasoconstriction
How are the collagen fibres in the tunica albuginea arranged?
Right angles to each other
Circumferential and parallel to penile long axis
What part of the penile tissue has been ruptured with a ‘fractured penis’?
Tunica alburginia
Fill in the missing labels in the following diagram:
Complete the following table:
Complete the following table:
prostate= 25%
bulbourethal gland= small %
What is the function of the panpiniform plexus thought to be?
Cool blood arriving to testes (as surrounds testicular artery)
What is a varicocoele?
Paniform plexus enlarged- due to obstruction
Eg. renal/intra-abdominal pathology
(Bag of worms)
Fill in the missing labels for the contents of the spermatic cord:
What is the function of the corpus spongiosum?
Keeps urethra open for ejaculation
How do could you discriminate between a hernia and a swelling associated with the testes?
Hernia disappears when lying down
In which testes is the a varicocoele more common?
Left-drains to renal vein
A hydrocoele in young boys may increase in size when they cough or cry, why is this?
Increased intraabdominal pressure
Pushes peritoneal fluid into scrotum
What can be done to differentiate between hydrocele and a tumour?
Transillumination
What is the cremasteric reflex? What might it indicate if it is absent?
Inner side of thigh stroked
Cremastre muscle on that side contracts- testicle pulled up towards inguinal canal.
Absent with testicular torsion
Why is testicular torsion a urological emergency ?
Veins constricted
Haematoma
Potential for necrosis
Can cause infertility
Testes have immune privelage. If necrosis occurs- risk that immune system with attack other testicle
What is the function of the Bulbourethral gland (cowper’s gland)?
Produces thick, clear mucous.
- Neutralises urine in urethra
- Reduce friction
What is the crus of the penis?
Continuation of each corpus cavernosum of the penis, diverging posteriorly to be attached to the pubic arch
To which nodes is the lymphatic drainage of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles?
Internal and external iliac nodes
