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Autoimmune > 2: Example Of Organ Specific Autoimmunes > Flashcards

2: Example Of Organ Specific Autoimmunes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of organ specific autoimmune disease?

A

Endocrine, Skin, Neuro, Blood

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of endocrine organ-specific autoimmune disease?

A

T1 Diabetes. Graves disease. Hashimotos Thyroiditis.

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of skin organ-specific autoimmune disease?

A

Vitiligo. Pemphigus Vulgaris.

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4
Q

What are 2 types of Neuro organ specific autoimmunites?

A

Myasthenia Gravis. Lambert-Eaton syndrome.

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5
Q

What are the 2 Blood organ specific autoimmunities?

A

Hemolytic Anaemia. Thrombocytopenia purpura

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6
Q

What is the auto antibody target for T1 Diabetes?

A

Pancreatic ß-cells.

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7
Q

What is the auto antibody target for Graves disease and Hashimotos thyroiditis?

A

Thyroid proteins and cell antigens.

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8
Q

What is the auto antibody target for Vitiligo?

A

Tyrosinase.

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9
Q

What is the autoantibody target for Myashenia Gravis?

A

Acetylcholine receptor.

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10
Q

What is the autoantibody target for Lambert-Eaton syndrome?

A

Voltage-gated Ca+ channels

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11
Q

What is the autoantibody target for Haemolytic anaemia?

A

IgG/IgM bind to RBCs

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12
Q

What is the autoantibody target for Thrombocytopenia Purpura?

A

Platelet Glycoproteins

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13
Q

Why are endocrine glands common targets for organ specific autoimmunity?

A

Contain specialised cells that express tissue-specific proteins and have a VERY good blood supply.

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14
Q

What happens to insulin-producing β-cells in type 1 Diabetes?

A

Selective destruction of these cells in pancreas.

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15
Q

How are insulin-producing β-cells in the
pancreas destroyed?

A

Autoantibodies target insulin, glutamic acid and specific β-cells proteins.

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16
Q

What mediates cell destruction in T1 diabetes?

A

CD8+T cells

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17
Q

What is a common cause of hyperthytoidism?

A

Graves disease.

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18
Q

What are symptoms of graves disease/hyperthyroidism?

A

.Exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
.Heat intolerance
.Anxiety

19
Q

What pathogen triggers graves disease?

A

Bacteria/Virus

20
Q

What do autoantibodies trigger in Graves disease?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHr)

21
Q

What is the target in graves disease?

A

TSHr

22
Q

What increases in graves disease?

A

T3(triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine), Persistent TSHr stimulation

23
Q

What decreases in Graves hyperthyroidism?

A

TRH/TSH levels

24
Q

What are treatment for Graves hyperthyroidism?

A

Thyroidectomy. Anti-thyroid drugs. Radioiodine-131

25
Q

What does Hashimoto’s disease cause?

A

HYPOthyroidism

26
Q

What happens o the thyroid in hashimoto’s?

A

Enlarges of gland and reduced function. Reduced metabolic rate.

27
Q

What do autoantibodies target in Hashimoto’s?

A

Thyroid oxidase causing cytotoxicity.

28
Q

What is increased levels in Hashimoto’s?

A

TSH

29
Q

What levels decrease in Hashimoto’s?

A

T3 and T4.

30
Q

What is treatment for Hashimoto’s?

A

Replacement therapy (Lthyroxine/Liothyronine). Natural desiccated thyroid (NDT).

31
Q

What is a symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis ? (Neuro)

A

Skeletal muscle weakness (worsens with activity and subside after rest)

32
Q

What do antibodies target in Myasthenia Gravis?

A

AChR and MuSK. (Muscle specific kinase)

33
Q

What muscles are effected in Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Facial muscles. (speech/vision).

34
Q

What binds to receptors in a normal neuromuscular junction that is prevented in Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Acetylcholine

35
Q

What channels are targeted by antibodies in Lambert-Eaton syndrome?

A

Voltage gated Ca+2 channels

36
Q

What happens to the influx of Ca+2 nto the nerve terminal in Lambert-Eaton syndrome?

A

Decreases.

37
Q

What are symptoms of Lambert-Eaton syndrome?

A

Proximal and distal muscle weakness (legs and arms). Ataxia (coordintion, balance, speech)

38
Q

What does 3,4-diamiopyrdine treatment do for LEMs?

A

Blocks potassium ion efflux so depolarisation of presynaptic nerve happens for longer. This increases calcium efflux and concentration and improves ACh to fuse and release neurotransmitter.

39
Q

What is haemolytic anaemia?

A

Organ specific autoimmune where IgG and IgM autoantibodies BIND to RBC’s and activate complement.

40
Q

What happens to RBC’s in haemolytic anaemia?

A

They become spherocytic and are phagocytosed by macrophages.

41
Q

What is a symptom of haemolytic anaemia?

A

Fatigue

42
Q

What is thrombocytopenic purpura

A

Low platelet count leading o bleeding/bruising/rash

43
Q

What do IgG antibodies target in thrombocytopenic purpura

A

Platelet surface glycoproteins

44
Q

What does thrombocytopenic purpura cause

A

Haematomas- Mucous membranes

Autoimmune (4 decks)

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