2 Endocronology 1 Flashcards
Endocrine system: Secretory cell = \_\_\_\_\_\_ Target cell = \_\_\_\_\_\_ Messenger = Communication pathway = \_\_\_\_\_\_ Basis of specificity = \_\_\_\_\_\_ Time of onset of effect = \_\_\_\_\_\_ Duration =\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Secretory cell = endocrine cell Target cell = most cell types Messenger = hormone Communication pathway = bloodstream Basis of specificity = receptors on target cell Time of onset of effect = delayed Duration =long
Nervous system: Secretory cell = \_\_\_\_\_\_ Target cell = \_\_\_\_\_\_ Messenger = Communication pathway = \_\_\_\_\_\_ Basis of specificity = \_\_\_\_\_\_ Time of onset of effect = \_\_\_\_\_\_ Duration =\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Secretory cell = neuron Target cell = neuron/muscle/gland Messenger = neurotransmitter Communication pathway = synaptic Basis of specificity = receptors on post synaptic target cell Time of onset of effect = immediate Duration = brief
What is the difference between primary and secondary endocrine organs?
Primary = main function is to secrete hormone Secondary = secrete hormone secondary to function e.g immune response
Name the endocrine organs
What makes them endocrine organs?
Hypothalamus Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Adrenal gland Pancreas Ovaries Testicles Ability to secrete hormone into the bloodstream
What is Paracrine? Autocrine? Neurocrine? (They are not types of endocrines!!!!)
Paracrine : local action without entering blood
Autocrine: act on cells of origin
Neurocrine: signals between neurones
What hormone is this? Produced as larger forms and proteolytically cleaved to active form Cannot cross cell membranes Most numerous type Can dissolve in water Cell surface receptors
Peptides
What hormone is this? Small and most are water soluble Can cross the membrane Cell surface or intracellular receptors Tyrosine precursor of thyroid hormones and catecholamines
Amino acid derived
What hormone is this? Small and fat soluble Can pass through cell membrane Circulate bound to plasma proteins Intracellular receptors
Steroids
What is the difference in the way that hydrophobic and hydrophilic hormones are transported?
Hydrophilic - dissolved in plasma eg peptides
Hydrophobic - bound to carrier proteins, longer half
Life eg steroids
What is hormone synergism?
Effects of two hormones favour each other but the net effect exceeds the sum of the individual effects e.g. Epinephrine and glucagon on blood glucose
What is hormone permissiveness?
One hormone is needed for another to exert ifs effects. E.g. Estrogen causes expression of progesterone receptors in uterus
What does the hypothalamus control?
What hormones does the hypothalamus release?
Controls he endocrine cells of the adrenal medulla
Releases anti diuretic hormone and oxytocin
Also releases releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones for the endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary gland
How is the posterior pituitary gland connected to the hypothalamus and what dies it secrete?
Neurones
Secretes anti diuretic hormone and vasopressin (for water balance and osmolarity)
And oxytocin secreted from the supraoptic nucleus for milk ejection
How is the anterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus and what does it secrete?
Connected by the hypothalamuc pituitary portal system
Release tropic hormones, which affect release of releasing or inhibiting hormones
How does dopamine affect the anterior pituitary gland?
Inhibits prolactin release
