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Anatomy Of Neuroscience > 2. Embryology Of The Brain And Spinal Cord > Flashcards

2. Embryology Of The Brain And Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What is the embryological germ layer derivative of the nervous system?

A

Ectoderm

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2
Q

Which structure chemically directs embryological development?

A

Notochord

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3
Q

What occurs on day 18 of development?

A

A medial band of ectoderm thickens to form the NEURAL PLATE (aka neuroectoderm)

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4
Q

What occurs on day 19/20 of development?

A

Neural groove forms, lateral to this are the neural folds

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5
Q

What occurs on day 21/22 of development?

A

Neural folds fuse to close the neural tube. Cranial and caudal ends remain open (neuropores)

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6
Q

What happens to the neural tube on day 24 and 26?

A

Day 24 - cranial neuropore closes

Day 26 - caudal neuropore closes

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7
Q

What is the clinical diagnosis when the caudal neuropore remains open?

A

Spina bifida

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8
Q

What is the name and fate of the ectodermal cells lateral to the neural tube?

A 
Neural crest cells
Differentiate into various cells of the peripheral nervous system:
Melanocytes (pigment)
Craniofacial cartilage and bone
Smooth muscle
Peripheral and enteric neurons
Glia (Schwann cells)
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9
Q

What is the fate of the notochord?

A

Central part of vertebral discs

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10
Q

What is the name and fate of the mesodermal bulges lateral to the neural tube?

A 
Somites
Important for organising the segmental nature of vertebrate embryos
Develop into:
Vertebrae
Vertebral skeletal muscle
Associated nerves
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11
Q

What are the primary vesicles of the brain?

A

Prosencephelon (forebrain)
Mesencephelon (midbrain)
Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain)

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12
Q

What are the secondary vesicles of the PROSENCEPHALON?

A

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Optic growths

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13
Q

What is the secondary vesicle of the MESENCEPHALON?

A

Mesencephalon

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14
Q

What are the secondary vesicles of the RHOMBENCEPHALON?

A

Myelencephalon

Metencephalon

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15
Q

When do the primary vesicles develop?

A

In the 4th week

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16
Q

When do the secondary vesicles develop?

A

In the 5th week

17
Q

What is developed from the optic growths?

A

Optic nerves and retina of the eyes

18
Q

What is developed from the telencephalon?

A 
Cerebral cortex
Basal Ganglia
Cerebral white matter
Internal capsule
Olfactory bulbs
Corpus callosum 
Limbic system structures a
Association fibres
19
Q

What is developed from the DIENCEPHALON?

A 
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus
Third ventricle
20
Q

What is developed from the MESECEPHALON?

A

Midbrain (tectum, colliculi, tegmentum and cerebral aqueduct)

21
Q

What signifies the beginning and end of the process of neurulation?

A

Beginning - formation of the neural plate (18)

End - Closure of the neural pores (24/26)

22
Q

What is developed from the METENCEPHALON?

A

Cerebellum

Pons

23
Q

What is developed from the MYELENCEPHALON?

A

Medulla oblongata

Medullary pyramids

24
Q

What are the 2 types of information in the nervous system?

A

Sensory (afferent)

Motor (efferent)

25
Q

What is the function of gray matter in the spinal cord?

A

Begin sensory information processing
Coordinate movements
Simple reflexes

26
Q

What are the areas of gray matter in the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal horn
Ventral horn
Intermediate Zone

27
Q

What are the areas of white matter in the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal columns
Ventral columns
Lateral columns

*Columns can also be called vesiculi

28
Q

Name the important neural tube regions that develop at week 4 of development, and their functions:

A

Alar (dorsal) Plate - sensory
Basal (ventral) Plate - motor
Separated by a groove called: SULCUS LIMITANS (on the inner wall of the neural tube)

29
Q

Which 3 germ layers exist at day 16 of embryological development?

A

Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm

Anatomy Of Neuroscience (5 decks)

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