2: ECG

Question 1

graphic recording of electrical potentials produced by heart muscle during phases of the cardiac cycle

Answer 1

ECG/EKG

Question 2

sequence of events that occur during one complete heart beat

Answer 2

cardiac cycle

Question 3

relaxation of the heart prior to and during the filling of chambers

Answer 3

diastole

Question 4

contraction or period of contraction of the heart

Answer 4

systole

Question 5

abnormal heartbeat

Answer 5

arrhythmia

Question 6

length of a wave or length of a wave with a segment

Answer 6

interval

Question 7

beginning of one wave to beginning or end of another

Answer 7

interval

Question 8

portion of ECG between 2 waves

Answer 8

segment

Question 9

wave above baseline

Answer 9

positive deflection

Question 10

wave below baseline

Answer 10

negative deflection

Question 11

isoelectric aka

Answer 11

baseline

Question 12

biphsaic aka

Answer 12

baseline

Question 13

stage when heart is at rest

Answer 13

polarization

Question 14

heart muscle contraction in response to electrical stimulus

Answer 14

depolarization

Question 15

what moves electrolytes across the cell membrane causing depolarization

Answer 15

sodium/potassium pump

Question 16

heart muscle relaxation occurs when the electrolytes move back across the cell membrane

Answer 16

repolarization

Question 17

makes the cell ready for the next electrical impulse

Answer 17

repolarization

Question 18

S.A. node aka

Answer 18

sinoatrial node

Question 19

pacemaker aka

Answer 19

S.A. node

Question 20

tricuspid valve

Answer 20

rightAV valve

Question 21

mitral valve

Answer 21

left AV valve

Question 22

AV valve aka

Answer 22

atrioventrical valve

Question 23

1st sound produced by closure of AV valve

Answer 23

lub

Question 24

2nd sound produced by the vibrations of the vessel walls, blood column, and closed semilunar valves

Answer 24

dub

Question 25

property that allows a cell to reach its threshold potential spontaneously

Answer 25

automaticity

Question 26

property that describes the ease with which a cell can become depolarized

Answer 26

excitability

Question 27

can any cell of the conduction system initiate impulses

Answer 27

yes under the right circumstances

Question 28

what is the automaticity rule

Answer 28

the further down in the conduction system the slower the rate of automaticity

Question 29

the degree of the resting potential within the cell determines its excitability

Answer 29

all-or-none law

Question 30

the heart muscle will not respond to external stimuli during its period of contraction

Answer 30

refractoriness

Question 31

property that allows electrical current to travel from one part of the heart to another

Answer 31

conductivity

Question 32

where is velocity greatest

Answer 32

purkinje fibers

Question 33

where is velocity least

Answer 33

mid-portion of the AV node

Question 34

occurs in response to electrical current

Answer 34

contractility

Question 35

how is conractility best measured

Answer 35

echocardiograph

Question 36

what measures the stimulus for contraction, not the actual contraction

Answer 36

ECG

Question 37

what is the tool of choice for assessing contractility

Answer 37

echocardiography

Question 38

what circulation is under low pressure

Answer 38

pulmonary

Question 39

what circulation is under high pressure

Answer 39

systemic

Question 40

what is cardiomyopathies common in

Answer 40

dogs

Question 41

what 3 cardiac drug affects are evaluated carefully

Answer 41

digitalis, quinidine, propranolol

Question 42

what electrolyte disturbances are evaluated carefully

Answer 42

potassium abnormalities

Question 43

what acts as an aid in prognosis and diagnosis of cardiac disease

Answer 43

serial ECG

Question 44

what is the region of the AV node and bundle of his called

Answer 44

AV junction

Question 45

what does the P wave correspond to

Answer 45

atrial depolarization or contraction

Question 46

what can be positive, negative, or biphasic depending on electrode placement

Answer 46

P wave or T wave

Question 47

represents the sum of all electrical forces produced during depolarization of both atria

Answer 47

p wave

Question 48

what should be baseline

Answer 48

PR segment

Question 49

what does the QRS wave represent

Answer 49

ventricular depolarization or contraction

Question 50

what is the first negative deflection

Answer 50

Q wave

Question 51

what is the first positive deflection

Answer 51

R wave

Question 52

what is the negative deflection following the positive deflection

Answer 52

S wave

Question 53

what is the largest waveform of the ECG

Answer 53

QRS complex

Question 54

represents the sum of all electricle forces produced during depolarization of both ventricles

Answer 54

QRS waves

Question 55

what represents ventricular repolarization or relaxation

Answer 55

T waves

Question 56

T or F: every QRS complex has to have a T wave following it

Answer 56

true

Question 57

what measures electrical activity of the heart resulting from electrical impulses flowing through the heart

Answer 57

electrocardiogram

Question 58

where does the impulse originate

Answer 58

SA node

Question 59

the ECG can be recorded with the patient in

Answer 59

right lateral recumbency

Question 60

what is used of the skin to assure good lead contact

Answer 60

70% alcohol or acoustic gel

Question 61

what position is better for compromised patients or large animals

Answer 61

standing

Question 62

record lead 2 for 30-60 sec. at 25mm/sec to

Answer 62

assess arrhythmias

Question 63

record a brief tracing at 50mm/sec for ease of

Answer 63

measurment of P-QRS-T waveforms

Question 64

allows you to look at the heart from different angles

Answer 64

lead systems

Question 65

when do you decrease the sensitivity to 1/2 cm

Answer 65

if the QRS complexes go off the paper

Question 66

what are the 3 sensitivity levels

Answer 66

1/2, 1, or 2

Question 67

what should you do if arrhythmia is seen

Answer 67

increase the length of tracing

Question 68

what should R waves be on lead 1

Answer 68

positive

Question 69

1 mv=

Answer 69

1 cm

Question 70

what does each square represent

Answer 70

0.1 mv in hight; 0.02 sec. in width

Question 71

what should the paper speed be

Answer 71

50 mm/sec

Question 72

what are the 2 ways of determining HRs

Answer 72

ECG ruler or counting number of beats between 2 sets of marks on ECG paper and multiplying by 2

Question 73

where are the time markings placed

Answer 73

every 1.5 sec. at 50 mm/sec

Question 74

dog heart rate

Answer 74

70-220

Question 75

cat heart rate

Answer 75

120-240

Question 76

what appears on the ECG as even peaked, regular voltages superimposed throughout the tracing and in conjunction with muscle tremor

Answer 76

AC interference

Question 77

what appears on the ECG as random, irregular voltages superimposed on the tracing and can resemble or occur in conjunction with AC interference

Answer 77

muscle tremor interference EMG

Question 78

appears on the ECG as a fluctuation of the tracing up and downward on the grid

Answer 78

wandering baseline