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anesthesia > 2: ECG > Flashcards

2: ECG Flashcards

1
Q

graphic recording of electrical potentials produced by heart muscle during phases of the cardiac cycle

A

ECG/EKG

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2
Q

sequence of events that occur during one complete heart beat

A

cardiac cycle

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3
Q

relaxation of the heart prior to and during the filling of chambers

A

diastole

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4
Q

contraction or period of contraction of the heart

A

systole

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5
Q

abnormal heartbeat

A

arrhythmia

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6
Q

length of a wave or length of a wave with a segment

A

interval

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7
Q

beginning of one wave to beginning or end of another

A

interval

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8
Q

portion of ECG between 2 waves

A

segment

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9
Q

wave above baseline

A

positive deflection

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10
Q

wave below baseline

A

negative deflection

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11
Q

isoelectric aka

A

baseline

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12
Q

biphsaic aka

A

baseline

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13
Q

stage when heart is at rest

A

polarization

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14
Q

heart muscle contraction in response to electrical stimulus

A

depolarization

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15
Q

what moves electrolytes across the cell membrane causing depolarization

A

sodium/potassium pump

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16
Q

heart muscle relaxation occurs when the electrolytes move back across the cell membrane

A

repolarization

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17
Q

makes the cell ready for the next electrical impulse

A

repolarization

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18
Q

S.A. node aka

A

sinoatrial node

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19
Q

pacemaker aka

A

S.A. node

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20
Q

tricuspid valve

A

rightAV valve

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21
Q

mitral valve

A

left AV valve

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22
Q

AV valve aka

A

atrioventrical valve

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23
Q

1st sound produced by closure of AV valve

A

lub

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24
Q

2nd sound produced by the vibrations of the vessel walls, blood column, and closed semilunar valves

A

dub

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25
Q

property that allows a cell to reach its threshold potential spontaneously

A

automaticity

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26
Q

property that describes the ease with which a cell can become depolarized

A

excitability

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27
Q

can any cell of the conduction system initiate impulses

A

yes under the right circumstances

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28
Q

what is the automaticity rule

A

the further down in the conduction system the slower the rate of automaticity

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29
Q

the degree of the resting potential within the cell determines its excitability

A

all-or-none law

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30
Q

the heart muscle will not respond to external stimuli during its period of contraction

A

refractoriness

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31
Q

property that allows electrical current to travel from one part of the heart to another

A

conductivity

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32
Q

where is velocity greatest

A

purkinje fibers

33
Q

where is velocity least

A

mid-portion of the AV node

34
Q

occurs in response to electrical current

A

contractility

35
Q

how is conractility best measured

A

echocardiograph

36
Q

what measures the stimulus for contraction, not the actual contraction

A

ECG

37
Q

what is the tool of choice for assessing contractility

A

echocardiography

38
Q

what circulation is under low pressure

A

pulmonary

39
Q

what circulation is under high pressure

A

systemic

40
Q

what is cardiomyopathies common in

A

dogs

41
Q

what 3 cardiac drug affects are evaluated carefully

A

digitalis, quinidine, propranolol

42
Q

what electrolyte disturbances are evaluated carefully

A

potassium abnormalities

43
Q

what acts as an aid in prognosis and diagnosis of cardiac disease

A

serial ECG

44
Q

what is the region of the AV node and bundle of his called

A

AV junction

45
Q

what does the P wave correspond to

A

atrial depolarization or contraction

46
Q

what can be positive, negative, or biphasic depending on electrode placement

A

P wave or T wave

47
Q

represents the sum of all electrical forces produced during depolarization of both atria

A

p wave

48
Q

what should be baseline

A

PR segment

49
Q

what does the QRS wave represent

A

ventricular depolarization or contraction

50
Q

what is the first negative deflection

A

Q wave

51
Q

what is the first positive deflection

A

R wave

52
Q

what is the negative deflection following the positive deflection

A

S wave

53
Q

what is the largest waveform of the ECG

A

QRS complex

54
Q

represents the sum of all electricle forces produced during depolarization of both ventricles

A

QRS waves

55
Q

what represents ventricular repolarization or relaxation

A

T waves

56
Q

T or F: every QRS complex has to have a T wave following it

A

true

57
Q

what measures electrical activity of the heart resulting from electrical impulses flowing through the heart

A

electrocardiogram

58
Q

where does the impulse originate

A

SA node

59
Q

the ECG can be recorded with the patient in

A

right lateral recumbency

60
Q

what is used of the skin to assure good lead contact

A

70% alcohol or acoustic gel

61
Q

what position is better for compromised patients or large animals

A

standing

62
Q

record lead 2 for 30-60 sec. at 25mm/sec to

A

assess arrhythmias

63
Q

record a brief tracing at 50mm/sec for ease of

A

measurment of P-QRS-T waveforms

64
Q

allows you to look at the heart from different angles

A

lead systems

65
Q

when do you decrease the sensitivity to 1/2 cm

A

if the QRS complexes go off the paper

66
Q

what are the 3 sensitivity levels

A

1/2, 1, or 2

67
Q

what should you do if arrhythmia is seen

A

increase the length of tracing

68
Q

what should R waves be on lead 1

A

positive

69
Q

1 mv=

A

1 cm

70
Q

what does each square represent

A

0.1 mv in hight; 0.02 sec. in width

71
Q

what should the paper speed be

A

50 mm/sec

72
Q

what are the 2 ways of determining HRs

A

ECG ruler or counting number of beats between 2 sets of marks on ECG paper and multiplying by 2

73
Q

where are the time markings placed

A

every 1.5 sec. at 50 mm/sec

74
Q

dog heart rate

A

70-220

75
Q

cat heart rate

A

120-240

76
Q

what appears on the ECG as even peaked, regular voltages superimposed throughout the tracing and in conjunction with muscle tremor

A

AC interference

77
Q

what appears on the ECG as random, irregular voltages superimposed on the tracing and can resemble or occur in conjunction with AC interference

A

muscle tremor interference EMG

78
Q

appears on the ECG as a fluctuation of the tracing up and downward on the grid

A

wandering baseline

anesthesia (12 decks)

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