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anesthesia > 2: ch.1 fluids and the body > Flashcards

2: ch.1 fluids and the body Flashcards

1
Q

what % body weight is water

A

60%

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2
Q

what % body weight is intracellular fluid

A

40%

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3
Q

what % body weight is interstitial fluid

A

15%

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4
Q

what % body weight is extracellular fluid

A

20%

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5
Q

what % body weight is other elements

A

40%

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6
Q

what 3 compartments does body water divide into

A

cells, interstitial, intravascular

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7
Q

what makes up 2/3 of body H2O

A

intracellular fluid

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8
Q

where is intracellular fluid found

A

skeletal muscle, blood cells, bone cells, adipose tissue

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9
Q

where is intravascular fluid found

A

interstitial(75%) and plasma(25%)

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10
Q

what are the 2 extracellular fluids

A

intravascular and interstitial

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11
Q

how is water lost

A

urination, defication, GI, respiratory, sweating

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12
Q

substances that dissolve in a solvant (water)

A

solutes

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13
Q

what is sodium

A

primary ECF cation (+)

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14
Q

what is potassium

A

primary ICF cation (+)

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15
Q

what is chloride

A

primary ECF anion (-)

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16
Q

what is bicarbonate

A

primary ECF anion (-)

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17
Q

what is phosphate

A

primary ICF anion (-)

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18
Q

what does fluid balance depend on

A

electrolyte balance

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19
Q

movement of solutes from an area of high conc. to low conc.

A

diffusion

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20
Q

movement of solutes from an area of low conc. to high, conc.

A

osmosis

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21
Q

what is metabolic based on and maintained through

A

bicarb levels; renal function

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22
Q

what is respiratory based on and maintained through

A

carbonic acid levels; respiratory function

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23
Q

what can cause an imbalance

A

failure in metabolic and respiratory systems

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24
Q

what are metabolic imbalances generally caused by

A

organ disease

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25
what is metabolic acidosis caused by
bicarb deficit
26
what is metabolic alkalosis caused by
bicarb excess
27
what is respiratory acidosis caused by
carbonic acid excess
28
what is respiratory alkalosis caused by
carbonic acid deficit
29
what causes increased CO2, acidic urine, acidic blood pH
metabolic acidosis
30
what causes convulsions, decreased CO2,, urine alkalosis, alkalotic blood pH
metabolic alkalosis
31
what causes rapid shallow breathing from inhibited lung function, acidic urine, acidic blood pH
respiratory acidosis
32
what causes deep slow respirations, alkaline urine, alkaline blood pH
respiratory alkalosis
33
what does both V+ and D+ indicate
acid/base status remains blanced
34
how does the body maintain pH
all systems working together
35
what is the most common imbalance in surgery
respiratory acidosis
36
how is route of administration determined
how quick are fluids needed, age, size, vein status
37
how is fluid type chosen
disease or pt. condition
38
what is a jugular catheter and what is its duration
through the needle; 10-12 days
39
what is a cephalic catheter and what is its duration
over the needle; 48-72 hours
40
how long can a butterfly be left in
2 hours
41
what is a standard adult administration set
10, 15, 20 gtt/mL
42
what is a pediatric administration set
60 gtt/mL
43
"pool rates" aka
SQ
44
what route is contraindicated by V+, D+, dysphagia, GI obstruction, shock
oral
45
what is SQ uptake time
6-8 hours
46
what route is used with mild dehydration, neonates, exotics, and small animals
IP
47
what route is used with moderate to severe dehydration and has the 2nd fastest uptake
IV
48
what route is used when no vein is attainable, exotics, neonates, and vein collapse; fastest uptake and last resort
IO
49
diffusible substances that dissolve in solution
crystalloid
50
used to replace body fluids
isotonic
51
used to draw water from tissue
hypertonic
52
used to re-hydrate tissue
hypotonic
53
what route are hyper and hypotonic given
IV only
54
what is the most commonly used fluid and how is it given
isotonic; SQ or IV
55
what solution is contraindicated with cardiac disease due to fluid retention
physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl)
56
what solution is contraindicated with blood transfusion due to agglutination
lactated ringers (LRS)
57
what solution is contraindicated with acidotic pts.
ringers
58
what solution is good for pts with liver failure
multisol-R and normosol-R
59
how cant multisol-M and plasma-lyte given
SQ; irritating to tissue
60
what solution should not be used with renal/cardiac failure
hypertonic
61
what solution should not be used with pulmonary/cerebral edema OR normal vascular values
hypotonic
62
diabetic hypotonic solution
5% dextrose in water
63
maintenance solution with Na restriction
2.5% dextrose/0.45% saline
64
non-diffusible substances
colloids
65
solutions used in extreme situations/emergencies
colloids
66
what is contraindicated with cerebral/pulmonary edema, clotting difficencies, allergic reactions
colloids
67
what is the most common synthetic colloid
dextrans (70)
68
what is used with hypovolemic shock/hypoproteinemia
hetastarch
69
what solution is equivalent to albumin in effects
pentastarch
70
maintains osmotic pressure of blood
albumin
71
aids in treatment of liver disease causing hypoproteinemia
plasma
72
what should be on a fluid additives sticker and what color is it
orange; time, date, initials, dose
73
what additive is measured in mEq
potassium (2 mEq/ml)
74
what additive is good for pts. with hypoglycemia and increased metabolic needs
50% dextrose
75
what additive can cause irreversible cardiac arrest is overdosed
potassium
76
what additive corrects acidosis and should be given over 7 hours to avoid side effects
sodium bicarbonate
77
what is the most common vitamin additive
B-12
78
what solution is used for routine surgery
LRS and 0.9% NaCl
79
what solution is used for shock
LRS or multisol-R/normosol-R
80
what solution is used for urolithiasis
multisol and normosol-R
81
healthy adult maintenance
50 ml/kg
82
pediatric maintenance
110 ml/kg
83
dog shock rate
90 ml/kg/1st hour
84
cat shock rate
50 ml/kg/1st hour

anesthesia (12 decks)

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