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anesthesia > 2: ch.1 fluids and the body > Flashcards

2: ch.1 fluids and the body Flashcards

1
Q

what % body weight is water

A

60%

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2
Q

what % body weight is intracellular fluid

A

40%

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3
Q

what % body weight is interstitial fluid

A

15%

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4
Q

what % body weight is extracellular fluid

A

20%

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5
Q

what % body weight is other elements

A

40%

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6
Q

what 3 compartments does body water divide into

A

cells, interstitial, intravascular

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7
Q

what makes up 2/3 of body H2O

A

intracellular fluid

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8
Q

where is intracellular fluid found

A

skeletal muscle, blood cells, bone cells, adipose tissue

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9
Q

where is intravascular fluid found

A

interstitial(75%) and plasma(25%)

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10
Q

what are the 2 extracellular fluids

A

intravascular and interstitial

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11
Q

how is water lost

A

urination, defication, GI, respiratory, sweating

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12
Q

substances that dissolve in a solvant (water)

A

solutes

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13
Q

what is sodium

A

primary ECF cation (+)

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14
Q

what is potassium

A

primary ICF cation (+)

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15
Q

what is chloride

A

primary ECF anion (-)

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16
Q

what is bicarbonate

A

primary ECF anion (-)

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17
Q

what is phosphate

A

primary ICF anion (-)

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18
Q

what does fluid balance depend on

A

electrolyte balance

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19
Q

movement of solutes from an area of high conc. to low conc.

A

diffusion

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20
Q

movement of solutes from an area of low conc. to high, conc.

A

osmosis

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21
Q

what is metabolic based on and maintained through

A

bicarb levels; renal function

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22
Q

what is respiratory based on and maintained through

A

carbonic acid levels; respiratory function

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23
Q

what can cause an imbalance

A

failure in metabolic and respiratory systems

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24
Q

what are metabolic imbalances generally caused by

A

organ disease

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25
Q

what is metabolic acidosis caused by

A

bicarb deficit

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26
Q

what is metabolic alkalosis caused by

A

bicarb excess

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27
Q

what is respiratory acidosis caused by

A

carbonic acid excess

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28
Q

what is respiratory alkalosis caused by

A

carbonic acid deficit

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29
Q

what causes increased CO2, acidic urine, acidic blood pH

A

metabolic acidosis

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30
Q

what causes convulsions, decreased CO2,, urine alkalosis, alkalotic blood pH

A

metabolic alkalosis

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31
Q

what causes rapid shallow breathing from inhibited lung function, acidic urine, acidic blood pH

A

respiratory acidosis

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32
Q

what causes deep slow respirations, alkaline urine, alkaline blood pH

A

respiratory alkalosis

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33
Q

what does both V+ and D+ indicate

A

acid/base status remains blanced

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34
Q

how does the body maintain pH

A

all systems working together

35
Q

what is the most common imbalance in surgery

A

respiratory acidosis

36
Q

how is route of administration determined

A

how quick are fluids needed, age, size, vein status

37
Q

how is fluid type chosen

A

disease or pt. condition

38
Q

what is a jugular catheter and what is its duration

A

through the needle; 10-12 days

39
Q

what is a cephalic catheter and what is its duration

A

over the needle; 48-72 hours

40
Q

how long can a butterfly be left in

A

2 hours

41
Q

what is a standard adult administration set

A

10, 15, 20 gtt/mL

42
Q

what is a pediatric administration set

A

60 gtt/mL

43
Q

“pool rates” aka

A

SQ

44
Q

what route is contraindicated by V+, D+, dysphagia, GI obstruction, shock

A

oral

45
Q

what is SQ uptake time

A

6-8 hours

46
Q

what route is used with mild dehydration, neonates, exotics, and small animals

A

IP

47
Q

what route is used with moderate to severe dehydration and has the 2nd fastest uptake

A

IV

48
Q

what route is used when no vein is attainable, exotics, neonates, and vein collapse; fastest uptake and last resort

A

IO

49
Q

diffusible substances that dissolve in solution

A

crystalloid

50
Q

used to replace body fluids

A

isotonic

51
Q

used to draw water from tissue

A

hypertonic

52
Q

used to re-hydrate tissue

A

hypotonic

53
Q

what route are hyper and hypotonic given

A

IV only

54
Q

what is the most commonly used fluid and how is it given

A

isotonic; SQ or IV

55
Q

what solution is contraindicated with cardiac disease due to fluid retention

A

physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl)

56
Q

what solution is contraindicated with blood transfusion due to agglutination

A

lactated ringers (LRS)

57
Q

what solution is contraindicated with acidotic pts.

A

ringers

58
Q

what solution is good for pts with liver failure

A

multisol-R and normosol-R

59
Q

how cant multisol-M and plasma-lyte given

A

SQ; irritating to tissue

60
Q

what solution should not be used with renal/cardiac failure

A

hypertonic

61
Q

what solution should not be used with pulmonary/cerebral edema OR normal vascular values

A

hypotonic

62
Q

diabetic hypotonic solution

A

5% dextrose in water

63
Q

maintenance solution with Na restriction

A

2.5% dextrose/0.45% saline

64
Q

non-diffusible substances

A

colloids

65
Q

solutions used in extreme situations/emergencies

A

colloids

66
Q

what is contraindicated with cerebral/pulmonary edema, clotting difficencies, allergic reactions

A

colloids

67
Q

what is the most common synthetic colloid

A

dextrans (70)

68
Q

what is used with hypovolemic shock/hypoproteinemia

A

hetastarch

69
Q

what solution is equivalent to albumin in effects

A

pentastarch

70
Q

maintains osmotic pressure of blood

A

albumin

71
Q

aids in treatment of liver disease causing hypoproteinemia

A

plasma

72
Q

what should be on a fluid additives sticker and what color is it

A

orange; time, date, initials, dose

73
Q

what additive is measured in mEq

A

potassium (2 mEq/ml)

74
Q

what additive is good for pts. with hypoglycemia and increased metabolic needs

A

50% dextrose

75
Q

what additive can cause irreversible cardiac arrest is overdosed

A

potassium

76
Q

what additive corrects acidosis and should be given over 7 hours to avoid side effects

A

sodium bicarbonate

77
Q

what is the most common vitamin additive

A

B-12

78
Q

what solution is used for routine surgery

A

LRS and 0.9% NaCl

79
Q

what solution is used for shock

A

LRS or multisol-R/normosol-R

80
Q

what solution is used for urolithiasis

A

multisol and normosol-R

81
Q

healthy adult maintenance

A

50 ml/kg

82
Q

pediatric maintenance

A

110 ml/kg

83
Q

dog shock rate

A

90 ml/kg/1st hour

84
Q

cat shock rate

A

50 ml/kg/1st hour

anesthesia (12 decks)

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