2 Different Networks & Topologies Flashcards
What is a Pan?
Personal Area Network. +- within 10 Feet.
Ex: Bluetooth, USB connected device.
What is a LAN?
LOCAL AREA NETWORK.
Any network from10-300 Feet (100 meters)
EX; Workstation to IDF. WiFi (802.11) or Ethernet (802.3)
What is a CAN?
CAMPUS AREA NETWORK.
Buildings Linked together. Freddie MAC.
What is a MAN?
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
Spans a region like cities within a county.
EX: The DMV, School systems, libraries.
What is a WAN?
WIDE AREA NETWORK
EX: The internet.
California to N.Y.
What is a PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY
A topology (Diagram) that shows how networks devices and components are physically cabled and connected together.
Ex: Workstations in a row, offices on the same floor.
What is a LOGICAL TOPOLOGY
A topology (Diagram) that shows how networks DATA LOGICALLY FLOWS.
What is a Point-to-Point TOPOLOGY?
A direct connection between 2 devices. Simple and reliable for small networks but not practical for larger networks
What is a RING TOPOLOGY?
A Network topology where each device is connected to 2 other devices, forming a circular data path. Prevents DATA collisions due to unidirectional (1 WAY) flow. If 1 device fails than the DATA is disrupted unless there is a redundant connections for fail over. A FIDI ring has a redundant 2nd connection.
Simple but vulnerable to a single point of failure.
What is a BUS TOPOLOGY?
All of the network devices are connected to a single central cable, called the BUS or BACKBONE. Data is sent to all the devices on the BUS but only the device with correct MAC address will process the DATA. If the BACKBONE fails the whole network will go down. More devices on the BACKBONE decreases the performance. Older technology.
Simple but vulnerable to a single point of failure.
What is a STAR TOPOLOGY?
One of the most common NETWORK TOPOLOGIES used today. Each node (client) will connect back to a central device, usually a switch or layer 3 switch. The central switch can act as a repeater for the DATA flow. If one of the links fail it does not effect the rest of the network unless its the central device (SWITCH) then the whole NETWORK fails.
Good for Centralized Network management but they do rely heavily on the central point (HUB) SWITCH
What is a HUB-&-SPOKE TOPOLOGY?
A HUBE-&-SPOKE is a variation of a STAR topology. In a HUB & SPOKE topology there is more than 1 central device (HUB). If the Devices (SPOKES) don’t have a direct connection to the destination they can get routed to another device or HUB and then to either another SPOKE or another HUB until they reach their intended destination.
Good for Centralized Network management but they do rely heavily on the central points (HUB) SWITCHES.
What is a MESH TOPOLOGY?
A MESH TOPOLOGY features a POINT to POINT connection between every single device on the network to create a robust and redundant network. There are 2 types of MESH TOPOLOGY:
1) FULL MESH
2) PARTIAL MESH
1) FULL MESH every node is connected to every other
node in the network. Good redundancy but expensive.
Number of connections formula :
X =Connections N=NODES FORMULA IS - N(N-1)/2
EX: 6 Nodes = how many connections (X) ?
X= 6(6-1)/2
X= 6(5)/2 = 30/2 =15
X=15 CONNECTIONS for a FULL MESH
MESH TOPOLOGIES are costly and complex.
What is a FIBER DISTRIBUTED DATA INTERFACE?
A FIBER DISTRIBUTED DATA INTERFACE also known as a (FIDDI) Interface is used to conduct DATA transmissions on fiber optic lines in a local area network and can extend to up to +- 125Miles or 200 Kilometers. FIDDI operates on a dual ring structure which allows for redundancy a primary & secondary ring. If 1 ring fails the other can take over. High Bandwidth Good for Large Data transfers.
What are the 3 types of WIFI Topologies?
The 3 WIFI Topologies are:
1) INFRASTRUCTURE MODE
2) AD HOC MODE
What is WIFI INFRASTRUCTURE Topology? (1)
WIFI INFRASTRUCTURE MODE is the most common type of wireless network. You have a centrally managed device which is your wireless access point and this device connects to your outside provider usually cable or fiber. This central device supports Network name, passwords and other security controls. It works like a physical star topology.
What is WIFI AD HOC TopologyE? (2)
AD HOC mode is decentralized meaning there is no main control unit. It operates like a peer-to-peer network does. There’s no routers, there’s no access points. Instead,
we can make routing decisions on the fly and make them dynamically.
What is WIFI MESH Topology? (3)
A WIFI MESH Topology is an interconnection
of different types of nodes, devices, and radios to create this mesh topology. Used during disaster relief situations such as a Hurricane. Combining these multiple technologies like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, microwave, cellular and satellite, into this single wireless network so that we can expand our network access. to create a mesh network that can be used by anyone.
Define DATACENTER
Any facility that businesses and other organizations use to organize, process, store, and disseminate large amounts of DATA.
What are the DATA CENTER TOPOLOGIES?
1) THREE-TIERED HIERARCHY
2) COLLAPSED CORE
3) SPINE AND LEAF ARCHITECTURE
What is the THREE-TIERED HIERARCHY
The THREE-TIERED HIERARCHY is a Data Center topology that consists of the:
1) CORE LAYER: Considered the Backbone of our network, used to merge geographically separated networks back into one logical and cohesive unit. At least 2 Core routers for redundant configuration.
2) DISTRIBUTION / AGGREGATION
LAYER: Used to defining the policies
for networks at large. Normally Layer 3 Switches to ensure proper routing between different subnets and VLANs.
3) EDGE / ACCESS LAYER: used to connect all of your endpoint devices. The Edge/Access switches convert packets (L3) into Frames (L2)
The THREE TIERED HIERARCHY provides : Performance, Management, Scalability, and Redundancy and a better way to troubleshoot the network.
** HINT: C-D-E **
What is the COLAPSED CORE
A collapsed core design is going to refer to a network architecture where the core and the distribution layers are being merged into a single layer. the functions of the distribution and core layers are going to be combined, and
this simplifies our architecture. Good for small to medium size networks. The collapse core model is going to reduce the number of switches that you need, and this can lower your costs and simplify your management. The collapsed core model also reduces latency.
HINT: CORE LAYER COLLAPSES INTO THE DISTRIBUTION LAYER (Below).
What is the SPINE & LEAF ARCHITECTURE
A SPINE-LEAF architecture is data center network topology specific to the server farm portions of that datacenter. It consists of 2 switching layers—a SPINE and LEAF. The leaf layer consists of access switches located (Top of Server Rack) that aggregate traffic from servers and connect directly into the SPINE or network CORE. The LEAF layer eliminates the need for a separate aggregation layer. Spine switches interconnect all leaf switches in a full-mesh topology.
HINT: LEAF LAYER eliminates the aggregation layer (Above).
What are the 3 Names of Traffic Flows in a Data Center?
1) North Bound traffic
2) -SOUTH Bound Traffic
3) EAST-WEST Bound Traffic
SOUTH bound Traffic is Traffic that is entering the Data Center.
NORTH bound traffic is traffic that is leaving the Data Center.
EAST-WEST bound traffic is traffic that is moving within the Data Center.
