2. Critical Reading and Thinking Flashcards
Involves carefully
analyzing and evaluating information to make well-reasoned decisions. It can be used to assess an idea, a plan of action, a process, or an argument. It involves asking questions and looking for solutions to problems.
Critical Thinking
taking control of your conscious thought processes. If
you don’t take control of those processes, you risk being controlled by the ideas
of others.
Critical Thinking
Characteristics of critical thinking
Openness, Objectivity, Flexibility, Accuracy, Insightfulness
Being open to new ideas and perspectives without prejudice or preconceived perceptions
Openness
Being able to consider opposite points of views objectively and rationally
Objectivity
Being able to adapt quickly in response to new information or changing situations
Flexibility
Making sure that facts are accurate and detailed before taking action
Accuracy
Being able to draw connections between seemingly unrelated concepts and recognize patterns in complex matters
Insightfulness
Involves accepting new
ideas without evaluation or judgment. It’s passive learning, absorbing
information without interpretation or analysis.
Non critical thinking
Difference between critical and non critical thinkers
Level of focus and level of accuracy
How to strengthen your critical thinking?
- Formulate Your Own Opinion: Research different perspectives before
forming an opinion to be aware of biases. - Question Assumptions: Challenge assumptions by asking why you
believe certain solutions are effective. - Develop Creative Solutions: Step out of your comfort zone to
encourage creative problem-solving. - Avoid Jumping to Conclusions: Pause, reflect, and analyze facts before
letting emotions shape decisions. - Promote Critical Thinking: Slow down decision-making, ask questions,
evaluate data, and consider diverse perspectives. - Evaluate Assumptions and Reasons: Step back to assess underlying
assumptions and reasons, considering alternative explanations or
perspectives.
Involves a series of complex thought
processes which allows you to make reasoned judgments, assess the way you
think, and solve problems effectively.
Critical thinking
a system that classifies the levels of thinking
important for learning. Created by Bloom to promote higher levels of thinking, it
is composed of six levels which follow a successive pattern.
Bloom’s Taxonomy of the
Cognitive Domain- Benjamin Bloom, 1956
Levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain
Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis,
and Evaluation
What happened in 2001 with Lorin Anderson and other psychologists
published a revision to the original taxonomy to make it
more relevant to 21st-century students and teachers.
What were renamed in the new Bloom’s Taxonomy Version
Knowledge, comprehension, and synthesis were renamed
remembering, understanding, and creating, respectively.
(Changed to verb form)
New Bloom’s Taxonomy:
Remembering, Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating
Levels of thinking:
- Remembering: Recalling information from memory, like memorizing
facts, dates, or vocabulary. - Understanding: Grasping the meaning of information, like explaining
concepts in one’s own words, summarizing information. - Applying: Using acquired knowledge in a new context or situation, like
applying a formula to solve a problem, using learned skills in real-world
scenarios. - Analyzing: Breaking down information into parts and examining
relationships, like identifying patterns, comparing and contrasting ideas. - Evaluating: Making judgments about the value or worth of information,
like assessing the credibility of sources, critiquing arguments. - Creating: Synthesizing information to generate new ideas or solutions,
like designing a project, composing a piece of writing, or proposing
innovative solutions.
is the “essence of reading” (Durkin, 1993). It is a complex
thinking process that requires the reader to construct meaning from the
text.
Comprehension
the ability to read text, process it and
understand its meaning. An individual’s ability to comprehend text is
influenced by their traits and skills, one of which is the ability to make
inferences.
Reading Comprehension
The surface-level understanding of what the text
explicitly states. It’s like extracting facts from the text without reading between
the lines.
Literal Comprehension
The Three levels of Comprehension
- Factual Understanding: Literal comprehension involves grasping
explicit information directly stated in the text. - Textual Details: Students focus on specific details, events, or facts
presented in the passage. - Objective Recognition: This level does not require interpretation or
inference but aims for accurate identification of stated information.
This level involves drawing conclusions not explicitly stated in
the text. It’s about reading between the lines and making connections.
Inferential or Interpretative Comprehension
Key points in Inferential Comprehension
- Interpreting Implicit Information: Inferential comprehension
involves drawing conclusions and making connections based on implicit
details in the text. - Higher-Level Thinking: Students engage in critical thinking to infer
meaning beyond what is explicitly stated. - Contextual Analysis: Understanding requires considering the broader
context and implications of the information presented.
is the highest level. It requires us to
analyze and evaluate information critically. It involves questioning,
considering different perspectives, and forming our own opinions.”
Critical Comprehension
Key Points in Critical Comprehension
- Analyzing and Evaluating: Critical comprehension involves assessing
the author’s intent, evaluating arguments, and forming judgments. - Considering Perspectives: Students explore multiple viewpoints,
question assumptions, and engage in reflective thinking. - Higher-Order Thinking: Requires students to go beyond the text,
drawing on personal experiences, knowledge, and external sources.
Comprehension Strategies:
Skimming, Scanning, Extensive Reading, Intensive Reading, Visualizing, Summarizing
is used to quickly get an overview or a general sense of
the content of a text.
● Readers are not searching for specific details but are trying to grasp
the main ideas and themes.
Skimming
is a specific technique
that involves quickly moving your eyes over a text to find specific information
without reading every word.
Scanning
is a reading approach where the main goal is to get a
general understanding of a subject by reading larger amounts of text. It
involves going through longer texts without focusing on every detail.
Extensive Reading
is a reading strategy where you imagine and picture the
events, characters, and settings described in a text as if they were scenes
in a movie.
Visualizing
is about condensing information. It
helps us remember the main points without getting lost in details.
Summarizing
