1. The Reading Process Flashcards
means
learning to pronounce words, to recognize words and to deduce their
meaning.
Reading
“Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an
exact man.”
Francis Bacon
“Reading after a certain age, diverts the mind too much from its
creative pursuits. Any man who reads too much and uses his own brain too little
falls into lazy habits of thinking.”
Albert Einstein
“The greatest gift is the passion for reading. It is cheap, it consoles, it
distracts, it excites, it gives you knowledge of the world and experience of a wide
kind. It is a moral illumination.”
Elizabeth Hardwick
Reading is a complex system of deriving
meaning from print that requires all of the following: (1) the skills and
knowledge to understand how phonemes, or speech sounds are connected to
print, (2) the ability to decode unfamiliar words, (3) the ability to read fluently,
(4) sufficient background information or schema and vocabulary to foster
reading comprehension, (5) the development of appropriate active strategies to
derive meaning from print, and (6) the development and maintenance of a
motivation to read.
National Reading Panel (2002)
Reading is (1) going beyond merely decoding the symbols on the page, (2)
thought of as making meaning, (3) an understanding of what the writer is
saying, (4) an interaction between the reader and the writer in a specific
context, (5) involved with predicting and verifying predictions, (6) influenced by
one’s purpose for reading, (7) influenced by other factors that involve
knowledge, distractions, and what one does when he/she is reading, (8)
indicative that the amount of information that is known about something one is
reading prior to reading is directly proportionate to how easy or hard it is to
read.
Robert Ruddell, Matha Rapp Ruddell, and Harry Singer (1994)
Skills required for proficient reading
Phonemic awareness, Phonics, Fluency, Vocabulary, Reading Comprehension
The ability to distinguish and manipulate the individual
sounds of language
Phonemic Awareness
The understanding of how letters are linked to sounds
(phonemes), patterns of letter-sound correspondences
and spelling in English, and how to apply this
knowledge when readers read
Phonics
The ability to read orally with speed, accuracy, and
vocal expression; Fluency is important because it
provides a bridge between word recognition and
comprehension. Fluent readers do not have to
concentrate on decoding so they can focus their efforts
on making meaning of the text.
Fluency
The knowledge of words etymology, structure, parts of speech, and what they mean; is a large category that
includes listening, vocabulary, speaking vocabulary,
reading vocabulary, and writing vocabulary; can be
learned indirectly ( e.g., through being read to,
through conversations with adults) or directly (e. g., through specific instruction or through strategies such
as breaking longer words down into familiar parts).
Vocabulary
The complex cognitive process in which a reader
intentionally and interactively engages with the text;
the process of making sense of what is being read.
Reading Comprehension
SQ3R method stands for
Survey (or Skim), Question, Read, Recite
(or Recall), Review.
Skim the target text.
● Check the headings and tables, diagrams, or figures
presented in the text.
● Read the first few and last sentences of the text to
determine key information.
● Get a feel of the text.
Survey
● Annotate the headings with your questions.
● Develop questions on the types of information you expect
from the text.
Question
● Look for answers to your questions
● Stop and slow down if the passage is not clear.
● Make sure to proceed reading only when you already
understand the previous texts.
Read
● Recount the main points of the text.
● Recall by writing a summary or synthesis based on what
you understand of the text.
● Highlight or underline the important points you read.
Recite
● After finishing the text, go back and re-read the questions
you wrote and see if you can answer them; if not, refresh
your memory.
● Evaluate what you learned to ensure that you are convinced
and satisfied with the information presented in the text.
Review
KWL Method
To apply the
KWL method, simply make a table with three columns. In the first column, write
what you know about the topic (K); in the second, list down what you want to
learn (W); and in the last column, write down what you learned (L).
