2 Communication Flashcards
A Message Pyramid consists of how many parts?
A Key Message on top, a First Proof layer in the middle, and a Second Proof layer at the bottom
What is Bridging?
Bridging a is technique that planners can use to reframe controversial issues, responding to opponents while also recasting how the issue is viewed
What is a design charrette?
An intensive collaborative effort that brings together citizens, stakeholders, and staff to develop a detailed design plan for a specific area. A charrette may be held over one or more days
What is the Delphi Method, or Delphi Technique?
A structured process of public participation with the intent of coming to a consensus decision. The Delphi Method was created in 1944 for the U.S. Army Air Force. A panel of selected, informed citizens and stakeholders are asked to complete a series of questionnaires.
What is the Nominal Group Technique?
A group process involving problem identification, solution generation, and decision making that can be used for groups of any size that want to come to a decision by vote. The Nominal Group Technique allows for everyone’s opinions to be considered by starting with every group member sharing their ideas briefly.
What person can conduct Facilitation?
A person who does not have a direct stake in the outcome of a meeting to help groups that disagree work together to solve complex problems and come to a consensus
What is Mediation?
A method in which a neutral third party facilitates discussion in a structured multi-stage process to help parties reach a satisfactory agreement
What is a public hearing?
A public hearing is usually associated with the Planning Commission, City Council, or other governing body. Public hearings are often mandated by law.
What is a visual preference survey?
A visual preference survey is a technique that can be used to assist citizens in evaluating physical images of natural and built environments.
What is Brainstorming?
Brainstorming is an informal approach to gathering input in the initial stages of a project, or in trying to determine goals. Brainstorming usually occurs within a small internal group setting, such as planning staff, agency leads, or commission members.
What is a coffee klatch?
A coffee klatch is an informal gathering at a neighbor’s house.
What is Process Evaluation?
Process Evaluation involves collecting data in the planning and implementation phases, such as frequency and content of planning meetings, inclusiveness of process, and diversity/representativeness of planners. Process evaluations are done at the beginning and throughout the engagement process
What is Outcome Evaluation?
Outcome Evaluation assesses change resulting from community engagement, such as change in the way people engage with each other and change resulting from their engagement.
What is Impact Evaluation?
Impact Evaluation seeks to establish evidence of causality. It requires random assignment of participants and the use of an intervention group and a control group
What is Ripple Effect Mapping (REM)?
Ripple Effect Mapping (REM) is a method used in evaluation to engage key stakeholders in assessing the impact of community engagement
What are Choropleth Maps?
Choropleth Maps divide an area into geographic features and color the features based on data
What are Dot Density Maps?
Dot Density Maps like John Snow’s cholera map, that distribute dots that represent information in the location where that data is located
What are Cartograms?
Cartograms that distort geographic regions to show the amount of a data type within them
What are Flow maps?
Flow maps, like Minard’s map of Napoleon’s army, that show both geography but also direction. Flow maps are often used to show economic activity, such as the import and export of goods between places.
What are Chorochromatic maps?
Chorochromatic maps that show data based on the specific geographic locations. For example, river watersheds or underlying soil types may be shown in different colors in a chorochromatic map.
Fishbowl Planning
This is a technique that involves citizens addressing citizens regarding a
proposal through a workshop format.
Arranges small group conversations.
Samoan Circle
Inner circle where people move to - people sit and talk when they’re in the inner circle.
Outer circle observes.
This is a way to provide the feeling of a small group activity within a larger group. (to create small group interaction)
What is a planning cell?
A randomly-selected group of participants who collaborate on developing solutions to a given issue.
