2. Classifications and frameworks

Question 1

What are frameworks and how do we use them?

Answer 1

Frameworks are a tool to organize and relate ideas about a research topic. They often guide theoretical and empirical research.

Question 2

What does the choice of which framework to use depend on? Name 2.

Answer 2

The choice of which framework to use depends on various things:

• Subject of study
• Context
• Research questions
• Disciplinary focus
• Scale and scope of the study

Question 3

What is the difference between a framework and a model?

Answer 3

The difference between a model and a framework are that a model is already filled in, a framework needs to be filled in.

Question 4

Name all the elements of the MEA (2005) framework, with ecosystem services on one hand and constituents of well-being on the other hand. (Hint: there are four elements on both sides)

Answer 4

Ecosystem services
* Provisioning services
* Regulating services
* Cultural services
* Supporting services

Constituents of well-being -> leading to freedom of choice and action
* Security
* Basic material for good life
* Health
* Good social relations

Question 5

Describe the 4 categories of the TEEB (2010) framework

Answer 5

1. Ecosystems & biodiversity
   Biophysical structure or process (e.g., vegetation, cover)
   Function (e.g., slow water passage)
2. Service (e.g., flood protection, products)
3. Human well-being
   Benefits (e.g., contribution to health, safety)
   Value (e.g. WTP)
4. Overarching: institutions & human judgements

Question 6

What is special about the CICES framework?

Answer 6

It is a framework with more hierarchy and divisions. It disassembles data into detail more.

Question 7

Describe the Daily framework (2009)

Answer 7

• Ecosystem & threats (> actions)
• Ecosystem services (> biophysical models)
• Values (> information)
• Institutions (> interventions)
• Decisions/policies (> actions)

Question 8

Give an example of a filled in Daily framework (2009)

Answer 8

• Ecosystem & threats: ecosystem & overfishing; crowding
• Ecosystem services: fish habitat; coastal protection
• Values: fish revenues; tourism
• Institutions: governments; environmental organisations
• Policies: fish quota; GHG reduction

Question 9

What is the EE model(2009)?

Answer 9

This is an ecological-economic model and includes a sustainability analysis.