11. Plural values and valuation

Question 1

In keywords, describe the shift that Mace talked about in her paper.

Answer 1

1. 1960/70: nature for itself
2. 1980/90: nature despite people
3. 2000/05: nature for people
4. 2010: nature and people

Question 2

What is the major element missing from the 1990 TEV framework?

Answer 2

Instrinsic value

Question 3

Why was the 2005 MEA a milestone framework?

Answer 3

MEA 2005 was one of the first big assessment reports that emphasized big relationship between life/biodiversity/ESS. Freedom of choice and action builds on ideas of Amartya Sen.

Question 4

What is the cascade model?

Answer 4

The cascade model splits up structures, functions and services.

It has been criticized for being too linear and simplistic.

Question 5

Describe the TEEB framework

Answer 5

• TEEB framework tries to unpack drivers, decision makers, etc.
• Splits up ESVs (ecological values, cultural values, monetary values).
• TEEB is however often described as an economic model using stocks and flows
• Emphasis/use/interpretation/focus on monetary side

Question 6

Describe the IPBES framework

Answer 6

• Uses NCPs
• Spatial and temporal scales
• Include Mother Earth
• More ecocentric than other frameworks
• ESS was too anthropocentric
• Talks about instrumental, relational and intrinsic values
• Material (provisioning services)
• Non material (experiences, learning, cultural)
• Regulating
• Looks at quality of life
• New dimensions: relational values
• How nature supports your people

Question 7

What are the differences between TEV and the IPBES framework?

Answer 7

• TEV works well for monetary communication
• IPBES works well for intrinsic/cultural values

Question 8

What is valuation?

Answer 8

A process which is consciously undertaken to generate information on values (of nature and human-nature relations), to support a (common) decision.

Question 9

What is plural valuation?

Answer 9

There is not one method that can capture everything: all methods are somehow biased. If one wants to be comprehensive, different methods need to be used. This is plural valuation.

Question 10

Why is plural valuation not a silver bullet?

Answer 10

• Many different disciplines needed which is costly
• Communication issues

Question 11

Why will some people still work on plural valuation studies despite budget constraints?

Answer 11

• Some people have to do it as it is their only source of income
• Some people will feel rewarded by other things than money