(2) Chapter 2 - Language and meaning Flashcards
Language design features
Properties that characterise language.
Semanticity
A design feature of language relating to how a word reflects aspects of the world.
Displacement
The ability to refer to events and items that are not currently perceived.
Syntax
The analysis of sentence structure.
Ethology
The study of behaviour in its natural setting.
Planum temporale
Area of cortex involved in language.
Wernicke’s and Broca’s area
Areas of cortex involved in language.
Fluent aphasia
An inability to produce meaningful speech despite being coherent.
Non-fluent aphasia
An inability to produce connected, coherent speech.
Metarepresentation
An individuals representation of another person’s representation, or of their own process of reflection.
Semantic Priming
A method of investigating the effect on recognition of a target word by preceding it with a different word: the priming stimulus. In semantic priming the two words are related in meaning. In associative priming they are typically words that occur close together in text or speech.
Word superiority effect
The finding that a letter is detected more readily when it is embedded in a word then when it is not.
Connectionist model
A type of computer model that contains simple units that are connected to each other in a network structure.
Lexicon
A mental dictionary that contains information about individual words.
Garden path sentences
Ambiguous sentences in which the structure that is usually selected first is incorrect.
Discourse
In cognitive psychology, a piece of text or speech consisting of related sentences.
Effort after meaning
The attempt by listeners and readers to understand the meaning of discourse.
Script
A schema that represents a typical event.
Proposition
A statement consisting of a single idea or unit of meaning.
Prosody
Aspects of the sound of speech, such as stress and rhythm, that function to clarify or reinforce the meaning of a sentence.
Pragmatics
The way that the intended rather than the literal meaning of language is inferred.
Contested
The process by which an individual challenges the meanings being constructed, or actions accomplished, by another speaker.
Ethnomethodology
A study of the socially shared knowledge of rules, roles and conduct, that individuals draw upon to analyse, understand and act in everyday life.
Discourse (Social Psychology)
In discursive psychology discourse is the spoken or written matter by which a particular object is constructed.
Subject position
The place or character an individual can construct for themselves using discourses and particular recognized positions like ‘the good mother’.
Interpretative repertoire
The sum of different discourses, and the ways that they can be combined or mixed together, which the individual has at their disposal to construct subject positions.
