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MICR3305 > 2 - Cells and Tissues of the Immune Response > Flashcards

2 - Cells and Tissues of the Immune Response Flashcards

1
Q

What cell gives rise to all the cells of the immune system in bone marrow

A

Mulipotential hematopoietic stem cell

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2
Q

What cells do common lymphoid progenitor give rise to

A
  • NK cells
  • Small lymphocytes
    ↳ T OR B lymphocytes
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3
Q

What do B lymphocytes give rise to

A

Plasma cell

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4
Q

What cells do common myeloid progenitor give rise to

A
  • Megakaryocytes (–> thrombocytes)
  • Erythrocyte
  • Mast cell
  • Myoblast
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5
Q

What cells do myoblasts give rise to

A
  • Granulocytes
  • Monocytes (–> macrophage)
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6
Q

Granulocytes

A
  • Basophil
  • Neutrophil
  • Eosinophil
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7
Q

Neutrophil

A
  • Multilobed nucleus
  • Are phagocytes
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8
Q

Mast cell

A

Granules filled with histamine and other mediators that act on blood vessels to promote increased blood flow and delivery of plasma proteins and leukocytes into the tissue

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9
Q

Basophil

A

Defend against allergens, pathogens and parasites

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10
Q

Eosinophil

A
  • Anti parasitic and bactericidal
  • Allergy responses
  • Inflammation
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11
Q

Tissue resident macrophages

A
  • Develop in foetal life from hematopoietic precursors in the yolk sac, foetal liver and bone marrow
  • Derived from bone marrow postnatally
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12
Q

Dendritic cells

A
  • Arise from myeloid lineage in bone marrow and differentiate into subsets
  • Detect antigen in skin and mucosa and migrate to lymph nodes
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13
Q

What are the major subsets of dendritic cells

A
  • Classical DCs (cDCs)
  • Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs)
  • Monocyte derived DCs (moDCs)
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14
Q

Unique feature lymphocytes

A

Only cells that express clonally distributed antigen receptors, each specific for a different antigenic determinant

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15
Q

Classes of lymphocytes

A
  • B lymphocytes
  • Helper T lymphocyte
  • Cytotoxic T lymphocyte
  • Regulatory T lymphocyte
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16
Q

Functions of B lymphocytes

A

Neutralisation of microbe, phagocytosis, complement activation

17
Q

Function of helper T cells

A
  • Activation of macrophages
  • Inflammation
  • Activation of B lymphocytes
18
Q

Function of cytotoxic T lymphocyte

A

Killing of infected cell

19
Q

Function of regulatory T lymphocyte

A

Suppression of immune response

20
Q

function of primary lymphoid organs

A
  • Where B and T cells mature
  • Learn how to differentiate between host cells and foreign pathogens
21
Q

function of secondary lymphoid organs

A

Involved in the presentation of foreign antigens to T and B cells to activate adaptive immune system

22
Q

Maturation of lymphocytes

A

Fully mature T cells leave the thymus, but immature B cells leave the bone marrow and complete maturation in secondary lymph nodes

23
Q

Naive lymphocytes

A

May respond to foreign antigens in secondary lymphoid tissues or return by lymphatic drainage to the blood and recirculate through other secondary lymphoid organs

24
Q

What happens to naive lymphocytes that are not activated by an antigen

A

Die by apoptosis and are replaced by new cells that have arisen in the generative lympoid organs

25
Q

Lymphatic system

A
  • Drainage and filtration system that enables interstitial fluid and plasma proteins to flow back into blood
  • Allows lymphocyte circulation and antigen presentation
  • Lymphatic fluid flows one direction due to pressure from muscle action and one way valves
26
Q

What occurs to the thymus with age

A
  • Atrophy beginning within the cortex
  • Naive T cell generation is reduced but amount of memory T cells increases
27
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Encapsulated, Vascularised secondary lymphoid organs with anatomic features that favour the initiation of adaptive immune responses to antigens carried from tissues by lymphatics

28
Q

Functions of the spleen

A
  • Remove aging and damaged blood cells and particles (immune complexes and opsonized microbes) from circulation
  • Initiate adaptive immune responses to blood borne antigens
  • Site where B cells finally mature
29
Q

Where do all immune cells originate

A

Bone marrow

MICR3305 (25 decks)

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