2. Cell Ultrastructure

Question 1

Define Unicellular

Answer 1

An organism that consists of only single cell.

Question 2

Define Multicellular

Answer 2

Multicellular organisms consists of many cells.

Question 3

What feature makes all cells in the human body similar?

Answer 3

Cells all have common features and structures called organelles.

Question 4

Name 14 organelles in a animal cell

Answer 4

Lysosome, mitochondria, cell membrane (plasma membrane), cytoplasm, nuclear membrane, pore, nucleolus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi body, golgi vesicle, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, centrioles and fluid filled pinocytic vesicle.

Question 5

Define Lysosome

Answer 5

Lysosome contain digestive enzymes which helps to break down worn out organelles and large molecules.

Question 6

Define Golgi Apparatus

Answer 6

Golgi Apparatus modifies protein and packages them into vesicles ready for secretion from the cell.

Question 7

Define Mitochondria

Answer 7

Mitochondria goes through aerobic respiration to be able to create ATP (energy) for the cell. Is also known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Question 8

Define aerobic respiration (cellular respiration)

Answer 8

This process occurs in the mitochondria. The folding of the inner membrane produces a large surface area on which these chemical reactions can take place. Because the reactions of the mitochondria make energy available for the cell’s activities.

Question 9

Define centrioles

Answer 9

A pair of cylindrical structure usually located near the nucleus; involved in the reproduction of the cell.

Question 10

Define Cell (Plasma) Membrane

Answer 10

The outer boundary of the cell that separates it from neighbouring cells and from the external environment. Made of a double layer of lipid molecules and associated proteins. Determines which substances get into or out of a cell.

Question 11

Define rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

A form of endoplasmic reticulum that is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance; involved in the synthesis of proteins.

Question 12

Define Cytoplasm

Answer 12

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like or watery material inside the cell that fills all the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane. It is made up of the cytosol and organelles.

Question 13

Define Nucleus

Answer 13

Usually ovoid or spherical; contains the genetic material, mostly DNA; separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane. The membrane is double and has gaps, nuclear pores, through which large molecules can pass.

Question 14

Define Nucleolus

Answer 14

Is compsed mainly of RNA. The DNA and nucleolus are suspended in a jelly-like nucleoplasm.

Question 15

Define Smooth Endoplamic Reticulum

Answer 15

A form of endoplasmic reticulum that is involved in the synthesis of lipis: is not covered with ribosomes.

Question 16

Define Ribosome

Answer 16

Ribosomes are very small, spherical organelles. At the ribosomes, amino acids arejoined together to make proteins. Ribosomes may be either free in the cytoplasm orattachedtomembranes within thecells such as the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

Define cytoskeleton

Answer 17

Consists of microfilaments and microtubles that give the cell its shape and assit the movement of materials, organelles or the whole cell.

Question 18

Define Vesicle

Answer 18

A vesicle is a transport sac that moves materials into, out of or within the cell.

Question 19

Define Organelle

Answer 19

Organelles are structures within a cell which play a particular functions.

Question 20

Define Microtubules

Answer 20

They are hollow rods that keep organelles in place or move them around the cell.

Question 21

Define Microfilaments

Answer 21

Moves materials around the cytoplasm or moves the whole cell.