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A-level Biology Miss Lee > 2. cell surface membrane > Flashcards

2. cell surface membrane Flashcards

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1
Q

what is number 1?

A

glycolipid

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2
Q

what is number 2?

A

carbohydrate chain

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3
Q

what is number 3?

A

extrinsic protein

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4
Q

what is number 4?

A

glycoprotein

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5
Q

what is number 5?

A

cholesterol

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6
Q

what is number 6?

A

Phospholipid

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7
Q

what is number 7?

A

channel/transport protein

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7
Q

label the structure from top to bottom?

A
  • phosphate group
  • phosphoester bonds
  • glycerol
  • ester bond
  • fatty acids
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8
Q

what is the function of the cell surface membrane?

A
  • controls which substances enter and leave the cell (partially permeable membrane)
  • membranes allow recognition by other cells
  • site of cell communication (cell signalling)
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9
Q

Are all organelles in plant and animal cells membrane bound?

A

yes

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10
Q

what is the function of membranes within cells?

A
  • separates the content from the cytoplasm
  • can form vesicles to transport substances through the cytoplasm
  • allowing selected molecules to enter and leave the cell
  • a site for biochemical reactions
  • allows the organelle/cell to change shape
  • provides attachment site for enzymes
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11
Q

what is this called?

A

phospholipid bilayer

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12
Q

what is the head? (water)

A

hydrophilic. It attracts water

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13
Q

what is the tail? (water)

A

hydrophobic. It repels water

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14
Q

what does the membrane not allow through it via simple diffusion?

A

water-soluble substances
(fat-soluble substances can travel through the the membrane via simple diffusion down a concentration gradient)

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15
Q

why can’t water and lipids mix?

A

water and lipids can’t mix because lipids can not form hydrogen bonds with water

16
Q

what is this called?

A

Micelle

17
Q

what is this called?

A

Bilayer

18
Q

Do you know this?

A
19
Q

what are the different types of intrinsic proteins?

A
  • channel proteins
  • carrier proteins
  • glycoproteins
20
Q

what are the different types of extrinsic proteins?

A
  • peripheral proteins
21
Q

how does diffusion occur through the membrane?

A

diffusion occurs through the membrane by moving from a high to low concentration. Down a concentration gradient

22
Q

channel proteins

A
  • form (water-liking) pores/channels in the membrane
    for charged particles (smaller ions and polar
    molecules) to diffuse through.
  • Down their concentration gradient.
  • Different channel proteins facilitate the diffusion of
    different charged particles.
23
Q

carrier proteins

A
  • moves large molecules (including polar
    molecules and ions) into or out of the cell.
  • Down their concentration gradient.
  • Different carrier proteins facilitate the diffusion of
    different molecules.
  • Carrier proteins change shape when a specific
    molecule binds.
24
Q

glycoproteins

A
  • Glycoproteins are intrinsic proteins with an
    attached carbohydrate chain.
  • Stabilise the membrane by forming
    hydrogen bonds with surrounding water
    molecules.
  • They are also sites where drugs, hormones
    and antibodies bind – cell recognition.
  • They act as receptors for cell signalling.
  • Cell adhesion.
25
Q

glycolipids

A
  • Glycolipids are lipids with an
    attached carbohydrate (sugar)
    chain.
  • Act as receptor molecules
  • They act as cell markers or
    antigens.
  • Can be recognised by the cells of
    the immune system as self (cells
    of the organism) or non-self (cells
    from another organism).
26
Q
A

got it ;)

27
Q

what are extrinsic proteins involved in?

A
  • Cell signalling
  • Cell recognition
  • Act as receptors for other molecules e.g. hormones
28
Q

Cholesterol

A
  • Cholesterol is a type of lipid.
  • It is present in all cell membranes (except
    bacterial membranes).
  • Cholesterol molecules fit between
    phospholipids.
  • This makes the membrane less fluid and
    more rigid, therefore stabilising the
    membrane.
29
Q

why is cell fluidity essential?

A

Phagocytosis

30
Q

what is cell signalling?

A
  • Cell signaling is how cells communicate with each other.
  • Cells need to communicate with each other to control processes inside the body and respond to changes in the environment. E.g. low blood glucose levels.
31
Q

Receptors in the cell surface membrane

A
  • Proteins in the cell surface membrane (e.g. glycoproteins act as
    receptors for the messenger molecules e.g. drug/hormone.
  • They are called ‘membrane bound receptors’.
  • Membrane bound receptors have a specific shape so only
    messenger molecules with a complementary shape can bind to
    them.
  • A cell that can respond to a particular messenger molecule is
    called a ‘target cell’.
32
Q

what is the model of the cell surface membrane called?

A

fluid mosaic model

A-level Biology Miss Lee (6 decks)

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