1. Cells & Microscopy; 1. Cell Ultrastructure Flashcards
What is number 1?
Microtuble
What are Microtubule network apart of and what is there function?
Microtubule network is apart of the cytoskeleton and therefore it’s function is to maintain/ determine the shape of the cell.g
What is number 2?
Lysosomes
What do lysosomes contain?
They contain powerful hydrolytic digestive enzymes known as lysozymes.
What do lysosomes do?
Their role is to break down worn out components of the cell or digest invading cells.
What is number 3?
Nucleolus
What does the nucleolus do?
The nucleolus produces the ribosomes which are passed through the nucleus.
What is number 4?
Nucleus
What does the nucleus do?
It controls the cell.
What does the nucleus contain?
Chromatin
What is number 5?
Golgi apparatus
What is a Golgi apparatus?
Stacks of flattened, membrane bound sacs
(cisternae).
What is the function of a Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the rough ER and modifies them then secretes them in vesicles.
What is number 6?
Cell surface membrane/ plasma membrane
What does the Cell surface membrane/ plasma membrane do?
• Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
• Contains receptor molecules which allow it to respond to chemical like hormones
What is number 7?
Cytoplasm
What is number 8?
Ribosome’s
What are ribosomes?
Ribosomes are A 2 subunit organelle Found free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the Rough ER.
What is number 9?
Centrioles
What is the structure of centrioles?
Structure:
• A component of the cytoskeleton, composed of many microtubules.
• Small hollow cylinders that occur in pairs next to the nucleus in animal cells only.
• Each centriole contains a ring of 9 microtubules.
What is the function of the centrioles?
Function:
Makes a copy of itself during cell division and then helps to form the spindle in cell division.
What is number 10.
Rough ER
What is the structure of the rough ER?
Structure: Stacks of membrane bound (fluid filled) sacs which form sheets called cisternae.
What is the function of the rough er?
Function: Site of protein synthesis.
What is number 11?
Smooth er
What is the structure of the smooth er?
Smooth ER: similar to RER but lacks ribosomes -is a system of interconnected tubules.
What is the function of the smooth er?
SER: responsible for carbohydrate & lipid synthesis, and storage.
What is number 12?
Cytoskeleton
What is the structure of cytoskeleton?
1) Microfilaments
2) Microtubules
3) Intermediate fibres
What is the function of cytoskeleton?
There are 3 components of the Cytoskeleton:
1. MICROFILAMENTS – Fibres made from the protein actin. They are responsible for movement of the cell and cytoplasm during Cytokinesis.
2. MICROTUBULES – Formed by the globular protein tubulin. They polymerise to form tubes that determine the shape of the cell. They also act as tracks for organelles moving around the cell.
3. INTERMEDIATE FIBRES – Gives strength to cells and helps maintain integrity.
What is number 13?
Secretory vesicles
What is the secretory vesicles?
Protein
What is number 14?
Mitochondria
What is the structure of mitochondria?
Structure:
• • •
• •
Oval shaped.
Surrounded by two membranes (double membrane).
The inner membrane forms finger-like structure called cristae which increases the surface
area.
The solution inside is called a matrix which contains enzymes for respiration.
Mitochondrial DNA – Small amounts of DNA, enable mitochondrion to reproduce and create enzymes.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Function:
- Site of aerobic respiration.
- As a result of respiration, they release ATP (energy carrier in cells).
