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NAPLEX PREP (RxPrep) > 2. Calculations/Formulas/Nutrition > Flashcards

2. Calculations/Formulas/Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

1 tsp (t) = ? mL

A

5 mL

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2
Q

1 tbsp (T) = ? mL

A

15 mL

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3
Q

1 fl oz = ? mL

A

30 mL

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4
Q

1 cup = ? oz, ? mL

A

8 oz
240 mL

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5
Q

1 pint = ? oz, ? mL

A

16 oz
480 mL

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6
Q

1 quart = ? pints, ? mL

A

2 pints
960 mL

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7
Q

1 gallon = ? quarts, ? mL

A

4 quarts
3,840 mL

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8
Q

1 kg = ? Lbs

A

2.2 lbs

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9
Q

1 oz = ? grams

A

28.4 g

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10
Q

1 lbs = ? oz, ? grams

A

16 oz
454g

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11
Q

1 grain = ? mg

A

65 mg

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12
Q

Ratio of mEq:mmol (monovalent vs divalent)

A

Monovalent - 1:1
Divalent - 1:0.5

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13
Q

1 inch = ? cm

A

2.54 cm

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14
Q

% w/v = ?

A

X g
———
100 mL

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15
Q

Percentage strength = ?

A

% strength = 100 / Ratio strength

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16
Q

Parts per million (PPM) to % strength conversion

A

Move decimal 4 to the left

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17
Q

Specific gravity

A

SG = weight (g) / weight of equal water volume (mL)

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18
Q

Dilutions equation

A

(Old quantity) x (old conc.) = (new quantity) x (new conc.)

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19
Q

Alligation

A

X part high % + Y parts low % = desired %

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20
Q

Osmolarity equation (mOsm/L)

A

Weight (g)
————— x (# particles) x 1,000
MW

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21
Q

Isotonicity (E) equation

A

58.5 [MW of NS] MW of drug
E = ———————— X ———————————
1.8 [dissociation factor of NS] Dissociation factor of drug

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22
Q

Moles or milimoles

A

Moles = grams/MW
Milimoles = mg/MW

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23
Q

Miliequivalents (two equations)

A

Mg x valence
mEq = ——————— OR mmols x valence
MW

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24
Q

Fluid need equation (WEIGHT >20kg)

A

1,500 mL + (20 mL x [kg - 20])

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25
Q

How many calories are in each GRAM of CARBS, FAT and PROTEIN?

A

Carbs, Protein = 4 kcal/g
Fat = 9 kcal/g

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26
Q

Daily protein requirements (ambulatory/non-hospitalized vs. hospitalized/malnourished)

A

Ambulatory/non-hospitalized = 0.8 - 1 g/kg/day
Hospitalized/malnourished = 1.2 - 2 g/kg/day

27
Q

Calculating nitrogen intake equation (dietary)

A

Grams protein intake
——————————
6.25

28
Q

Amino acid kcal/g (parenteral nutrition)

A

AA = 4 kcal/g

29
Q

Dextrose kcal/gram (parenteral nutrition)

A

Dex = 3.4 kcal/gram

30
Q

Injectable Lipid Emulsions (ILE)
10% = ? kcal/mL
20% = ? kcal/mL
30% = ? kcal/mL

A

10% = 1.1 kcal/ml
20% = 2 kcal/ml
30% = 3 kcal/ml

31
Q

What filter should be used for lipid injectable emulsions?

A

1.2 micron filter

32
Q

What two IV drugs provide lipid calories?

A

Propofol
Clevidipine

33
Q

What types of SODIUM compounds can be administrated for sodium supplement in peripheral nutrition? (3)
Which is the best if pt is acidotic?

A

Sodium chloride, acetate, phosphate
Sodium acetate is best for acidosis

34
Q

What types of POTASSIUM compounds can be administrated for sodium supplement in peripheral nutrition? (3)
What is the normal range for K?

A

Potassium chloride, phosphate, acetate
Normal range = 3.5 - 5 mEq/L

35
Q

What compounds can be administrated for PHOSPHATE supplement in peripheral nutrition?

A

Sodium and potassium phosphate

36
Q

What is the corrected calcium equation?

A

Ca corr. (mg/dL) = Ca [measured] + ([4 - albumin)] x 0.8)

37
Q

What are the fat soluble (4) and water soluble (9) vitamins?

A

Fat soluble (A, D, E, K)
Water soluble (B-1 [thiamine], B2 [riboflavin], B3 [niacin], B5 [pantothenic acid], B6 [pyridoxine], vitamin C [ascorbic acid], folic acid, B-12 [cyanocobalamin], biotin)

38
Q

T/F: Iron is routinely given in peripheral nutrition

A

False, iron rarely given in PN

39
Q

What kind of insulin can be added to peripheral nutrition?

A

Regular insulin

40
Q

What are some sources of enteral nutrition? (5)

A

Ensure
Osmolite
Jevity
Glucerna
Novasource

41
Q

What are the types of feeding tubes? Which is most common?

A

Nasogastric (NG) most common
Gastrostomy (PEG/G tube)
Jejunostomy (PEJ/J tube)

42
Q

What should be done w tube feeds when administering warfarin down feeding tubes?

A

HOLD tube feeds 1 HOUR BEFORE + 1 HOUR AFTER warfarin

43
Q

Some drugs chelate with polyvalent cations (Mg, Ca, Fe) and should be separated from tube feeds. What drugs are these?

A

Tetracyclines
Quinolones
Levothyroxine

44
Q

When administering ciprofloxacin to a patient w enteral tube feeds, how should it be given?

A

IR tablets are crushed and flushed into tubes
PO suspension cannot be given since it is oil-based, adheres to tube

45
Q

When administering phenytoin suspension to patients w tube feeds, how must it be administered?

A

SEPARATE tube feeds by 2 hours since phenytoin binds to feeding solution

46
Q

What is the BMI formula?

A

Weight (kg) Weight (lb)
————— OR —————— x 703 (conversion to kg/m2)
Height ^2 (m) Height ^2 (in)

47
Q

What are the BMI classifications?

A

Underweight - <18.5
Normal weight - 18.5-24.9
Overweight - 25-29.9
Obese - ≥30

48
Q

What is the ideal body weight calculation? (M and F)

A

IBW (male) = 50kg + 2.3 x (inches >5’)
IBW (female) = 45.5kg + 2.3 x (inches >5’)

49
Q

Adjusted body weight calculation & when is it used?

A

Used when patients are OBESE (TBW ≥ 1.2x IBW)

AdjBW = IBW + [0.4 x(TBW - IBW)]

50
Q

What BUN:SCr ratio limit indicates dehydration/pre-renal AKI?

A

> 20:1 (BUN:SCr)

51
Q

What is the Cockroft-Gault equation?

A

(140 - age) x IBW
——————— X 0.85 if female
72 x SCr

52
Q

What pHs define acidosis and alkalosis?

A

Acidosis - pH < 7.35
Alkalosis - pH > 7.45

53
Q

How to determine if metabolic or respiratory acidosis/alkalosis

A
  1. Look at pH (>7.45 is alkalosis, <7.35 is acidosis)
  2. Based on acidosis/alkalosis, check if elevated HCo3- [bicarb] (alkalosis) OR pCO2 (acidosis)
  3. Keep in mind that there is compensatory increase in the other factor (bicarb/pCO2)
54
Q

Anion gap calculation

A

AG = Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3-)
[cation - anions (chloride+bicarb)]

55
Q

Anion gap calculation

A

AG = Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3-)
[cation - anions (chloride+bicarb)

56
Q

If a solution’s pH > pKa…
If a solution’s pH < pKa…

A

pH > pKa - more of the acid is IONIZED [conjugate base is unionized]
pH < pKa - more of the acid is UNIONIZED [conjugate base is ionized]

57
Q

pH calculation for WEAK ACID solutions

A

pH = pKa + log[salt/acid]

58
Q

pH calculation for WEAK BASE solutions

A

pH = pKa + log[base/salt]

59
Q

What is the % ionization of a solution [weak ACID, weak BASE]

A

ACID: % ionization = 100 / (1 + 10^[pKa - pH])
BASE: % ionization = 100 / (1 + 10^[pH - pKa])

60
Q

Is calcium CARBONATE absorption acid dependent or independent? What % is elemental Ca?

A

Acid DEPENDENT, should be taken w meals
40% elemental Ca

61
Q

Is calcium CITRATE absorption acid dependent or independent? What % is elemental Ca?

A

Acid INDEPENDENT
21% elemental Ca

62
Q

Which calcium formulation (carbonate/citrate/acetate) is NOT used for calcium replacement? What is it used for instead?

A

Ca ACETATE not used for Ca replacement
used as a PHOSPHATE BINDER

63
Q

Aminophylline and theophyline are dosed using ____. What is the conversion between the two?

A

Dosed using IBW
Know: ATM 0.8
Aminophylline to Theophyline = Multiply by 0.8

64
Q

ANC calculation

A

ANC = WBC x ([% neutrophils + % bands] / 100)

NAPLEX PREP (RxPrep) (9 decks)

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