2. Booker T. Washington 1856-1915

Question 1

Most influential AA leader of

Answer 1

later 19th century

Question 2

famous as an

Answer 2

educator, for gaining confidence of white Americans and his moral authority among AA

Question 3

Believed

Answer 3

hard work, education and seriousness of purpose would lead AA to showing their true worth, increasing their prosperity and gaining white confidence

Question 4

Hostility shown by whites during Reconstruction and their obvious fear of domination by a poorly educated underclass of agricultural workers convinced him

Answer 4

political civil rights should be abandoned in favour of personal improvement

Question 5

Won support:

Answer 5

Success of his institute, hope for gradual improvement without political or social change

Millionaire industrialist Andrew Carnegie gave Washington $600,000 in bonds

Question 6

Told AA to

Answer 6

“dip your bucket’ take responsibility for their own progress and accept white supremacy

Question 7

Rational and practical-

Answer 7

problems resisting Jim Crow laws and lack of any developed liberal white support for radical political change

Question 8

Invited to White house by

Answer 8

President Theodore Roosevelt 1901

Informal Advisor to both Roosevelt and Taft

Question 9

Impact of Washington on civil rights

Answer 9

Education key to the emergence of other leaders like MLK

Cooperation with white leaders yielded progress in civil rights in 1960

Stress on economic improvement anticipated post-1964 direction of civil rights movement which sought more economic opportunity and saw key to progress as reducing poverty

Promoted some opposition to Jim Crow laws in secret.
too concerned about antagonising the white south- ending long-term progress in education and economic opportunity

Like King, criticised by those who sought more radical aims

hugely respected by white community- first AA to achieve this fame and respect