2 Bonding and struc Flashcards
Giant structures
crystal structures in which all atoms or ions are linked by a network of strong bonding extending throughout the crystal
simple molecular structures
groups of atoms held together by strong covalent bonding within molecules but with weak intermolecular forces
intermolecular forces
weak attractive forces between molecules
ionic bonding
strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
lattice
regular 3d arrangement of atoms or ions in a crystal
electrolysis
decomposition of a compound via electricity
electrolyte
the compound being decomposed in electrolysis
covalent bond
strong electrostatic forces of attraction between two nuclei and a shared pair of electrons.
A lone electron pair
a pair of electrons in the outer shell which is not involved in bonding
dative covalent bond
strong electrostatic forces of attraction between two nuclei and a shared pair of electrons, in which both electrons are donated by the same atom.
bond energy
energy required to break one mole of the bonds in a substance in a gaseous state.
isoelectronic
molecules or ions with exactly the same arrangement of electrons
polar covalent bonds
when the shared electrons are drawn more to the atom with a stronger nuclear pull.
Electronegativity
the ability of atom to attract a shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
polar molecules
contains polar bonds which dont cancel out, so the molecule overall is polar
intermolecular forces
weak attractive forces between molecules
polarisabilty
the ability of a cation to distort an anions electron cloud
solubility
a measure of the concentration of a saturated solution of a solute at a specified temperature. Solubilities are commonly recorded as mol per 100g water at 298k
non aqueous solvent
any solvent but water
Miscible liquids
liquids which mix with each other
allotropes
Different forms of the same element in the same physical state.
composites
combining two or more materials to make a new material which has desirable properties from both consituents.
delocalised electrons
bonding electrons which are not fixed in a bond between two atoms. they are free to move.
metallic bonding
strong electrostatic forces of attraction between metal ions and a sea of delocalised electrons.