2. Biosecurity and Infection Control Flashcards
What is biosecurity?
Prevention of pathogens entering a population and reducing the spread of pathogens
What is infection control?
Limit impact of introduction of pathogens into the population
How do we accomplish Biosecurity and Infection Control?
Bio-exclusion
Early detection and vigilant surveillance
Bio-Containment and infection control
What are the determinants of biosecurity and infection control?
Risk, Feasibility, Cost and Effectiveness
What are the definitions of the 4 determinants of biosecurity?
Risk: probability of harm or loss
Feasibility: capability of success or achieve or accomplish the goal
Cost: total expenditure of resources
Effectiveness: produced intended or expected effect
Who is involved with the decisions related to biosecurity?
Herd/Flock Owners and Managers
Commodity group participation
Research Institution and academia
Government
What determines who of the above groups (gov, research, commodity, owner) cares?
Reportable, Production and Zoonotic
What is your job as a veterinarian?
Explain the spectrum - let them know the likelyhood and the consequences of their actions and let them decide what risk they are willing to take.
What is the ultimate goal to increase herd/flock health?
Increase herd resistance
Decrease pathogen load in animals and environment
How can you increase herd resistance?
Quality nutrition
Enviromental Management
Reduce Stress
How can you reduce pathogen load?
Decrease what’s brough onto the farm
Decrease what’s spread between animals
Decrease what’s in the environment
What other non-vial factors can improve biosecurity and infection control?
Humidity, temp, ground control, ventilation
What is the difference between quarantine and isolation?
Quarantine - keeping new additions separate 2-6 weeks (time depend on pathogen) and extent of separation
Isolation - sick animals away from healthy animals
What are some key considerations to consider when designing a herd/flock biosecurity plan?
History, pathogen relevance to owner and pathogen that producer concerned about
What is sensitivity?
What is specificity?
Sensitivity - snot - high then negative rule out disease
specificity - spin - positive rule in disease
What is the positive predictive value?
Negative predictive value?
Positive - probability animal has disease
Negative - probability doesn’t have disease
What is surveillance?
Testing of a high risk population
-Serial - sequential
-Parallel - at same time
-Pooled - based on prevalence (positive check individuals)
What are the pros and cons of isolation or virus or culture bacteria?
Pro: sensitive, variety sample, less expensive, susceptibility, fast
Neg: variable, less accurate, time consuming, expensive, labor intensive
What are the pros and cons of antigen detection?
Pro: fast, cheap, cow-side
Con: Low sensitivity , limited pathogen avaliable
What are the pros and cons of molecular test?
Pro: fast, sensitive and specific
Con: High cost, contamination
What are the pros and cons serologic test?
Pro: cheap, fast
Con: 2 sample, slow with neutralization, limited specificity
