2. Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What does 0K refer to?

A

A complete absence of thermal energy.

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2
Q

How do you convert from degrees C to Kelvin?

A

Add 273

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3
Q

Define ‘element’.

A

One type of atom.

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4
Q

Define ‘compound’.

A

Two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

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5
Q

Define ‘mixture’.

A

Two or more elements that are not chemically joined.

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6
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A

A mixture which has the same proportion of components throughout the sample.

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7
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

A mixture where the composition of components is not uniform.

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8
Q

Why can mixtures be separated by physical means?

A

Each component has unique properties.

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9
Q

Define ‘mass number’.

A

The number of nucleons.

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10
Q

Define ‘atomic number’.

A

The number of protons.

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11
Q

What do A and Z refer to?

A
  • A= mass number.
  • Z= atomic number.
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12
Q

Define ‘isotope’.

A

Different variations of an element which have different mass numbers, but the same atomic number.

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13
Q

Why do isotopes of an element react identically?

A

They have the same number of protons and electrons.

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14
Q

Define ‘relative atomic mass’.

A

The weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account naturally occurring isotopes, relative to the mass of 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

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15
Q

What machine measures isotopic abundance?

A

Mass spectrometer.

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16
Q

What are the first two groups of elements known as?

A

The s block

17
Q

What are the transition metals known as?

A

The d block.

18
Q

What are the group 3-8 elements known as?

A

The p block.

19
Q

State the Aufbau principle.

A

Electrons fill lower energy atomic orbitals before filling higher energy ones.

20
Q

State the Pauli exclusion principle.

A

No more than two electrons can occupy the same orbital and two electrons from the same orbital have opposite spins.

21
Q

State Hund’s rule.

A

Electrons always enter an empty orbital before they pair up.

22
Q

What is noble gas formation?

A

Assumes that up to the noble gas is full.

23
Q

What is the shape of the s orbital?

A

Spherical

24
Q

What is the shape of the p orbitals?

A

Dumbbell shaped.

25
Q

What is the electron configuration of copper?

A

[Ar] 3d10 4s1

26
Q

What is the electron configuration of chromium?

A

[Ar] 3d5 4s1