2 Atomic Structure

Question 1

Nucleon number

Answer 1

Total number of protons and neutrons

Question 2

Proton number

Answer 2

The number of protons

Question 3

Isotopes

Answer 3

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 4

Extent of deflection

Answer 4

Proportional to charge/mass

Question 5

Orbital

Answer 5

The region of space where there is a high electron density

Question 6

Degenerate

Answer 6

Same energy

Question 7

Aufbau Principle

Answer 7

Electrons reside in the orbital of the lowest possible energy first

Question 8

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 8

An orbital can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons, and they must be of opposite spins

Question 9

Hund’s Rule

Answer 9

Electrons occupy degenerate orbitals singly and with the same spin before pairing occurs

Question 10

Ionization energy

Answer 10

Energy required to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of gaseous atoms/ions

Question 11

Nuclear charge

Answer 11

Positive charge of nucleus due to protons

Question 12

Shielding effect

Answer 12

Valence electron shielded from attraction of the nucleus by the inner principal quantum shell.

Question 13

Increasing trend of 1st IE across a Period

Answer 13

Nuclear charge increases, negligible increase in shielding effect. Atomic radius decreases
Effective nuclear charge increases

Question 14

Group 2 to 13 anomaly (Trend of 1st IE)

Answer 14

p electron (Group 13) has higher energy than s electron (Group 2)

Question 15

Group 15 to 16 anomaly (Trend of 1st IE)

Answer 15

Coulombic repulsion between paired p electrons (Group 16)

Question 16

Decreasing trend of 1st IE down a Group

Answer 16

Atomic radius increases, shielding effect increases largely cancels out increase in nuclear charge