2: Anaesthesia

Question 1

What are anaesthetic deaths usually due to?

Answer 1

Fractures or cardiovacular collapse

Question 2

What is pre-med for a horse?

Answer 2

ALpha-2 plus opioid plus acepromazine

Question 3

Why is ACP added to pre-med?

Answer 3

Decreased risk of death - decreases temp and blood pressure but decreases afterload

Question 4

Why is ketamine good for induction?

Answer 4

Analgesic with minimal CV depression

Question 5

What can a benzodiazepine or guaiphenesin be added to induction?

Answer 5

Smooth induction

Question 6

What are some disadvantages of iso?

Answer 6

More resp depression, slower metabolism, longer induction and recovery, worse recovery quality

Question 7

What are disadvantages of all inhalational agents?

Answer 7

Myocardial depression (hypotension), esp isoflurane

Question 8

What does partial or complete obstruction look like?

Answer 8

Lightening anaesthetic depth and increased chest movement

Question 9

What happens if the animal is breathing air during anaesthesia?

Answer 9

Hypoxaemia

Question 10

What might you consider carrying for a field procedure?

Answer 10

Oxygen

Question 11

How do you treat hypoxaemia?

Answer 11

IV clenbuterol or inspired albuterol. NO will also dialte pulmonary vessels.

Question 12

What are clinical signs of hypercapnia?

Answer 12

Difficult to detect clinically

Question 13

What can you check on blood gas analysis?

Answer 13

Aterial pH, CO2, O2

Question 14

How should you take a blood gas sample?

Answer 14

Anaerobic conditions

Question 15

When should you begin ventilating?

Answer 15

CO2 over 75, irregular resp, long procedure

Question 16

How does pulse quality relate to blood pressure?

Answer 16

Doesn’t - relates to contractility

Question 17

How does arterial blood pressure relate to CO?

Answer 17

Doesn’t

Question 18

Which artery can you use for arterial BP measurement?

Answer 18

Any

Question 19

Which is the only blood pressure measurement you can use in a horse?

Answer 19

Arterial

Question 20

What are inotropes?

Answer 20

Increase contractility?

Question 21

What are two inotropes you can use in horses?

Answer 21

Dobutamine, ephedrine

Question 22

How can you reduce muscle compartment pressure?

Answer 22

Positioning and padding

Question 23

How do you maintain venous drainage?

Answer 23

Positioning

Question 24

Why should you catheterise?

Answer 24

An empty bladder allows slower recovery