2: Anaesthesia Flashcards
What are anaesthetic deaths usually due to?
Fractures or cardiovacular collapse
What is pre-med for a horse?
ALpha-2 plus opioid plus acepromazine
Why is ACP added to pre-med?
Decreased risk of death - decreases temp and blood pressure but decreases afterload
Why is ketamine good for induction?
Analgesic with minimal CV depression
What can a benzodiazepine or guaiphenesin be added to induction?
Smooth induction
What are some disadvantages of iso?
More resp depression, slower metabolism, longer induction and recovery, worse recovery quality
What are disadvantages of all inhalational agents?
Myocardial depression (hypotension), esp isoflurane
What does partial or complete obstruction look like?
Lightening anaesthetic depth and increased chest movement
What happens if the animal is breathing air during anaesthesia?
Hypoxaemia
What might you consider carrying for a field procedure?
Oxygen
How do you treat hypoxaemia?
IV clenbuterol or inspired albuterol. NO will also dialte pulmonary vessels.
What are clinical signs of hypercapnia?
Difficult to detect clinically
What can you check on blood gas analysis?
Aterial pH, CO2, O2
How should you take a blood gas sample?
Anaerobic conditions
When should you begin ventilating?
CO2 over 75, irregular resp, long procedure
How does pulse quality relate to blood pressure?
Doesn’t - relates to contractility
How does arterial blood pressure relate to CO?
Doesn’t
Which artery can you use for arterial BP measurement?
Any
Which is the only blood pressure measurement you can use in a horse?
Arterial
What are inotropes?
Increase contractility?
What are two inotropes you can use in horses?
Dobutamine, ephedrine
How can you reduce muscle compartment pressure?
Positioning and padding
How do you maintain venous drainage?
Positioning
Why should you catheterise?
An empty bladder allows slower recovery
