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KMK Overall Keep Missing > 2 > Flashcards

2 Flashcards

1
Q

Change -> result in plus or minus lens spec magnification

  • incr h (vertex distance)
  • incr t (thickness)
  • incr base curve
  • incr n
A

Plus lens

  • incr h (vertex distance) = INCR spec mag
  • incr t (thickness) = INCR
  • incr base curve = INCR
  • incr n = DECR

Minus lens

  • incr h (vertex distance) = DECR spec mag
  • incr t (thickness) = INCR
  • incr base curve = INCR
  • incr n = DECR
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2
Q

What does a pt’s measured VA represent

A

High spatial frequency cutoff on the contrast sensitivity function

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3
Q

Most common primary intraocular malignancy in kids

A

Retinoblastoma

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4
Q

Javal’s rule

A

Total refractive astigmatism = (1.25)(corneal astigmatism) + (-0.50D ATR)

*if WTR use + (+0.50 WTR)

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5
Q

What is seg inset

A

MRP to center of bifocal segment

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6
Q

SE of Amiodarone

A

Whorl K (CHAI-T)
ASC deposits
NAION (VIAgra)

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7
Q

Drug SEs

  • pseudotumor
  • NAION
A

CAATSS = pseudotumor

  • oral contraceptives
  • accutane
  • vit A deficiency
  • tetracyclines
  • synthroid
  • steroids
  • naladixic acid

VIAgra = NAION

  • viagra/venlaxafine
  • imatrex
  • amiodarone
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8
Q

Drug SEs

  • optic neuritis
  • bull’s eye mac
A

DICE = optic neuritis

  • digoxin
  • isoniazid
  • chloramphenicol/contraceptives
  • ethambutol

Bull’s eye: Some People Can’t Handle The Bull

  • stargardt’s
  • progressive cone dystrophy
  • hydroxy/chloroquine
  • thioridazine
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9
Q

MRSA drugs

A

Bacteria Can’t Decide Today

  • bactrim
  • clindamycin
  • doxycyline
  • TMP (polytrim)
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10
Q

Visual cycle

A

1) Light abs by PR transforms 11-cis AL -> all-trans AL
2) moved into cytoplasm where all-trans AL -> all-trans OL
3) transported to RPE where all-trans OL -> 11-cis OL
4) 11-cis OL oxidized to 11-cis AL
5) shuttled back to PR for re-use

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11
Q

Lensometry equation

A

X = (f^2)(Fv)

Distance target moved (meters) = focal length of standard lens squared (meters) * back vertex power of spec lens

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12
Q

Causes of

  • respiratory acidosis
  • respiratory alkalosis
  • metabolic acidosis
  • metabolic alkalosis
A

RAcid: hypoventilation, high CO2

RAlk: hyperventilation, low CO2

MAcid: diarrhea, low bicarb

MAlk: vomiting, antacids, high bicarb

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13
Q

Example causes of entropion

A

Involutional

Cicatricial: trachoma, phemphigoid, stevens-johnson, chemical burns, surgery, trichiasis, dischitiasis

Congenital

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14
Q

Which glaucoma drug most often provides the greatest decr in IOP

A

PGAs (30%)

*BBs (25%), alpha2 ag and CAIs (18%)

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15
Q

Arterial supply to lacrimal sac

A

Dorsal nasal artery

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16
Q

Order/list abbe values

  • poly
  • crown glass
  • trivex
  • CR39
A

Crown glass = 58.9

CR-39 = 58

Trivex = 44

Polycarb = 30

17
Q

On-center bipolar cells vs Off-center

A

ON center = inhib by glutamate, hyperpol in dark, depol in light

OFF center = excited by glutamate, depol in dark, hyperpol in light

18
Q

Precursors

  • tyrosine
  • glycine
  • arginine
  • tryptophan
  • glutamine
A

Tyrosine (derived from phenylalanine) -> epi, norepi, dopamine (catecholamines)

Glycine -> porphyrins (heme)

Arginine -> nitric oxide

Tryptophan -> serotonin

Glutamine -> nucleotide synthesis

19
Q

Causes of SLK

A

Dry eye
TED
CLS wear

20
Q

Foveation with short vs prolonged head movements

Foveation with moving object, still head

A

Short = VOR

Prolonged = OK reflex

Object moving = pursuits, OK nystagmus

21
Q

Oral CAI contraindications

A 
(Zolamides)
Severe COPD
Liver/renal dz
Pregnancy
Sulfa allergies
22
Q

Hyperopia and emmetropization

A

If original hyperopia (5yo) is 0.50-1.25 D, the pt will most likely be emmetropic at age 14

If less than 0.50, will likely be myopic

If greater than 1.25, hyperopic

23
Q

Kids
-copy a circle
-crawl
-

A

3 years

9 mo

24
Q

Ion channels involved in generating fast ventricular APs in heart (3)

A

K+
Ca2+
Na+

25
Q

3 areas of sclera with elastin

A

Lamina fusca
Lamina cribrosa
Scleral spur

26
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol

TMP

Acetazolamide

Levofloxacin

Cephalexin

Minocycline

KMK Overall Keep Missing (4 decks)

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