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KMK Overall Keep Missing > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

Eyelid layers and contents (8)

A

1) Skin = thinnest in body, hair, sweat (milia), sebaceous
2) SubQ areolar
3) Orbicularis = palpebral orb oculi
4) Submuscular = levator aponeurosis, palpebral lacrimal gland (produces), arcades
5) Orbital septum = continuous with periorbita (covers orbital bones) and periostium
6) Posterior muscular = superior levator palpebrae muscle, Muller’s (aka superior tarsal), inferior tarsal muscle
7) Tarsal plate = MGs
8) Palpebral conj = epi (goblet cells), stroma (superficial immune, deep fibrous connects to TP)

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2
Q

SE of tetracyclines

A

Tets are contraindicated in pregnancy due to

  • bone growth retardation
  • teeth discoloration
  • pseudotumor cerebri

Minocycline = blue sclera, conj cysts

Oral aminos = nephro and ototoxicity

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3
Q

Internal hordeola are most commonly due to what microorganism

A

Staph aureus

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4
Q

Major neural pathways

  • pyramidal
  • reticulospinal
  • tectospinal
A

Pyramidal = motor (begins precentral gyrus, complicated motor movements)

Reticulospinal = alternative to pyramidal, integrates sensory and motor

Tectospinal = reflexive head movements to visual stimuli, starts superior colliculus

*pyramidAL and spinAL = MOTOR

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5
Q

Major neural pathways

  • spinothalamic
  • trigeminothalamic
  • medial lemniscus
A

Spinothalamic = pain and temp from body, only crossover not in medulla (crosses in spinal cord/neck)

Trigeminothalamic = pain and temp from face

Medial lemniscus = touch, pressure, vibration from body

*thalamic and lemniscus = SENSORY

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6
Q

Define sensitivity and specificity

PPV and NPV

A

Sens = ability of a test to accurately detect the pt has the dz

Spec = ability of a test to accurately detect the pts without the dz

PPV = if tested positive, likelihood that’s true

NPV = if tested negative, likelihood that’s true

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7
Q

Describe the movement of ions in the cornea

A

K+ moved from stroma into AH

Na+ into epi/endo

Cl- out of epi/endo, water follows

Bicarb out of endo

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8
Q

Lasers used for

  • PRP
  • LPI
  • SLT
  • ALT
A

PRP: argon, krypton

LPI: NdYAG, argon,

SLT: NdYAG

ALT: argon

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9
Q

Circle of Willis components (5)

A

Cerebrals: PCA, ACA

Communicating: PcA, AcA

Internal carotid

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10
Q

Responsibilities of parvo and magno pathways

A

P: shape, color, detail, size

M: motion

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11
Q

Retinal layer blood supply

A

RPE to OPL = choroid (S/LPCAs)

OPL to ILM = CRA

  • NFL = CWS, NTG/drance, flame
  • INL = larger, dot/blot

*i.e. inner retina = CRA

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12
Q

Color vision is determined by what response

A

Relative response of PRs based on number of photons absorbed

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13
Q

CO2 can be transported how (3)

A

Bound to hemoglobin
In the form of bicarb
Dissolved in blood plasma

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14
Q

Hyperopia

  • facultative
  • absolute
  • manifest
  • latent
A

F: can be neutralized by accomm

A: cannot be overcome by accomm

M: present on subjective refraction

L: amount that the pt accomm thru, thus doesn’t show on manifest

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15
Q 
All of the following can leave the filtrate in the DCT except:
Na+
Ca2+
Cl-
H2O
A

H2O

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16
Q

High risk characteristics of PDR

A

NVD >1/4DD within 1DD of optic nerve

NVD/E assoc with preretinal or vitreous hemorrhage

17
Q

Amount of light lost to reflection on front surface lens

A

R = [(n2-n1) ÷ (n2+n2)]^2

18
Q

Binocular visual processing begins at which location of the visual pathway

A

Visual cortex

19
Q

Which test can be used to differentiate phoria and tropia

A

Unilateral CT

20
Q

What gram neg organism is the most common cause of bacterial keratitis in CLS wearers

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

21
Q 
Which of the following anticholinergic drugs may decr tear secretion from the main lacrimal gland
Isotretinoin
Diuretics
Oral contraceptive
Antihistamines
A

Antihistamines

*only anticholinergic listed!

22
Q

Describe these types of vergences

  • tonic
  • proximal
  • fusional
  • accommodative
A

T: position of rest at distance (-)stimulus

P: awareness of near target (small, usually ignored)

F: retinal image disparity, helps compensate for phoria, analogous to motor fusion

A: initiated by blur

23
Q

Dry eye overall breakdown

A

Aqueous deficient (10%)
-Sjogrens = primary, secondary
-Non-Sjogrens:
—primary = age (#1, effect on ducts)
—secondary = Attacked, Blocked, Cut nerves
-testing: schirmer, phenol red, tear meniscus

Evaporative (60%)

  • intrinsic = MGD (#1 overall), lip position disorders (proptosis, nocturnal lagophthalmos), low blink rate
  • extrinsic = cls, vit deficiency
  • testing: meibomography, expression

General DE = TBUT, tear lab

24
Q

Cause of rhegmatogenous RDs

A

Full-thickness retinal break

  • atrophic hole
  • tractional tear
25
Q

Which type of HSK is due to direct invasion of the virus

A

Necrotizing

26
Q

List the 2 soft steroids

A

FML

Lotemax/loteprednol (safest bc ester-based)

27
Q

Actions of insulin

A

Increases

  • glucose taken up by fat/musc
  • glycogenesis (glucose storage as glycogen)
  • lipogenesis
  • amino acid uptake and protein synth

Decreases

  • glycogenolysis
  • gluconeogenesis
  • protein degradation
28
Q

AHA defines HTN as what BP

A

130/80

29
Q

Total inset

A

Distance from geometrical optical center to near optical center

(frame PD - pt near PD) ÷ 2

30
Q

Index of refraction and abbe number

  • crown glass
  • CR-39
  • polycarb
  • trivex
A

Crown glass
n = 1.523
Abbe = 58.9

CR-39
n = 1.498
Abbe = 58

Polycarb
n = 1.586
Abbe = 30

Trivex
n = 1.53
Abbe = 44

31
Q

Associations with episcleritis

A

70% idiopathic

30% associated with systemic condns

  • RA
  • SLE
  • UCRAP
  • herpes
  • acne rosacea
  • syphilis
  • temporal arteritis
32
Q

What is found in 40x higher [] in vitreous vs blood

What is in lower []

A

Vit C

Amino acids

KMK Overall Keep Missing (4 decks)

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