2/26: Occlusal Examination and Evaluation

Question 1

What is malocclusion?

Answer 1

A condition in which there is a deflection from the normal relation of the teeth to other teeth in the same arch and/or to teeth in the opposing arch

Question 2

What is angle’s classifications based on?

Answer 2

The relationship of the MB cusp of the maxillary 1st molar and the buccal groove of mandibular 1st molar

Question 3

What is angle’s class I?

Answer 3

MB cusp of max 1st molar
bisects buccal groove of
mand 1st molar

Question 4

What is class 1 malocclusion?

Answer 4

Same as normal occlusion but characterized by crowding, rotations, and other positional irregularities

Question 5

What is angle’s class II?

Answer 5

MB cusp of max 1st molar is
mesial to mand 1st molar’s
buccal groove
- “overbite”

Question 6

What is angle’s class III?

Answer 6

MB cusp of max. 1st molar is distal to buccal groove of mand 1st molar
- “underbite”

Question 7

What is overjet?

Answer 7

The horizontal overlap of the maxillary central incisors over the mandibular central incisors

Question 8

What is overjet measured by?

Answer 8

Periodontal probe
- usually 2-3mm

Question 9

What is overbite?

Answer 9

The vertical overlap of the maxillary central incisors over the mandibular central incisors
- how much of the maxillary teeth cover up the mandibular teeth

Question 10

How is overbite measured?

Answer 10

Using the probe vertically
- normal overbite is usually 2-3mm or approx 20-30% of the height of the mandibular incisors

Question 11

What is anterior crossbite?

Answer 11

The horizontal growth of the mandible exceeds the horizontal development of
the maxilla, and the lower anterior teeth end up in front of the upper anterior
teeth

Question 12

What can anterior crossbite result from?

Answer 12

Underdevelopment of the maxilla

Question 13

What is the etiology of dental wear?

Answer 13

multifactorial with complex relationships between attrition, abfraction, abrasion and erosion

Question 14

What is erosive tooth wear classified according to?

Answer 14

The specific mechanism that is responsible for the wear

Question 15

What are classifications of erosive tooth wear?

Answer 15

• erosion
• ebfraction
• abrasion
• attrition

Question 16

What is evidence of bruxism?

Answer 16

• Bony ridges-exostosis, tori
• Gingival recession
• Abfractions- loss of cervical area due to bruxism
• Broken teeth & restorations
• Excessive attrition

Question 17

What is evidence of occlusal wear/trauma?

Answer 17

• Wear facets
• Broken restorations
• Chipped teeth

Question 18

What is attrition?

Answer 18

Mechanical wear of the incisal or occlusal surface as
a result of functional or para-functional movements
of the mandible (tooth-to-tooth contact)

Question 19

What accelerates attrition?

Answer 19

Bruxism

Question 20

What can attrition be related to?

Answer 20

Age

Question 21

What is abfraction?

Answer 21

Wear along the gingival margin that is not caused by acid activity

Question 22

What is the shape of abfraction?

Answer 22

Cervical wedge-shaped defects

Question 23

What can bruxism result in?

Answer 23

Abfractions because cervical area of the tooth flexes under the load

Question 24

What is abrasion?

Answer 24

Abnormal tooth surface loss
resulting from direct frictional forces between the teeth and external objects or from frictional forces between contacting teeth in the presence of an abrasive medium

Question 25

What can abrasion occur from?

Answer 25

• Improper brushing techniques- most common and usually seen as a sharp, V-shaped notch in the gingival 1/3 of the tooth.
• Habits such as holding a pipe stem by the teeth
• Vigorous use of toothpicks
  between adject teeth.

Question 26

What are the 3 classifications of abrasion?

Answer 26

Interproximal:
- Toothpicks
Incisal notching:
- Nails, Pipe
Cervical:
- toothbrushing

Question 27

What is erosion?

Answer 27

Wear or loss of tooth structure by chemicomechanical action

Question 28

What is facial erosion?

Answer 28

Lemons, acidic liquids

Question 29

What is lingual erosion?

Answer 29

Bulimia

Question 30

What is bulimia?

Answer 30

Thinning, chipping of incisal edges

Question 31

What can bulimia cause?

Answer 31

Anterior open bite
loss of vertical dimension

Question 32

What are oral signs of bulimia?

Answer 32

“raised” amalgams
thermal sensitivity