2-2 Transportation terminals Flashcards
Functions of terminals
1. connectivity: they are the only locations where a network can be entered or exited. e.g. subway stations are connecting nodes for a transit network.
2. interface: between transport modes allowing transition. e.g. an airport is an interface between air and land transport systems.
3. buffer: between different capacity and frequency of the transport modes they connect. e.g. an airport aces as a buffer between various levels of land transport.
passenger vs freight
passenger terminals require relatively little specific equipment. the layouts and activities in a terminal tend to be simple. the goal is to minimize time spent in the terminal.
Indicator: number passengers arriving/departing/transferring
Fright terminals require specific loading/unloading equipment. depending on the types of cargo
3 type of frieght
1. Bulk: goods handled in large quantities, unpackaged, available in uniform dimensions (liquid - oil, dry-ores’, coal, cereals)
2. general cargo: many shapes, dimensions, weights. handling difficult to mechanize, so relies on labor. e.g. parts, machinery
3. Containers: standard units designed for simplicity/functionality. minimal labor requirements, a variety of intermodal functions. BUT require a large amount of storage space.
Terminal costs
fixed costs that are incurred regardless of the length of the eventual trip and vary between modes.
1. infrastructure costs: include construction and maintenance costs of structures such as runways, cranes, and facilities.
2. transshipment costs: the costs of loading and unloading
3. administration costs: management costs for institutions or private companies.
terminals as growth poles
- terminals are often seen as growth poles as they generate links to other sectors of the economy and become foci of economic activities.
- Terminals favor agglomeration of related activities in their proximity.
- This terminal-client link mainly involves warehousing and distribution activities (logistics services)
location of ports terminals
need large area and access to water
different dredging requirements
(RIVER PORTS have dredging problems and the width of rivers limit their capacity;
Sea port faces a lateral spread of their infrastructure)
location of airport terminals
need large area and flat surface for runway/terminal buildings/parking
centrality
location central to market or ecnomic activity
focuses on the terminal as a point of origin and destination of traffic. Thus, centrality links with generation and attraction of movements
intermediacy
location is advantageous as a stop between other terminals
focuses on the terminal as an intermediate point in the flows of ppl or freight. an important feature of these terminals is the ability to exploit transshipment
hinterland
the area where a terminal sells services and interacts with clients
fundamental hinterland: the market area where a terminal is the closest or the easiest to access. assumes traffic will pass through the terminal.
competitive hinterland/margin: the market area over which the terminal has to compete with others for business
Foreland
the oceanward mirror image of a given port’s hinterland, referring to the ports and overseas markets linked by shipping services from the port.
mega airport projects (include.., drivers, challenges)
Mega airport complex includes large terminals, hangars, parking facilities, runways, space for adding new runways, space for ancillary activities such as hotels, distribution centers.
The drivers fall into two categories:
- regional economic development will incite traffic growth.
- major airlines can decide to use airports as their main hub, which will lead to a growth transit traffic.
major challenge:
- financing (large capital investment, but rarely profitable)
- costly, complex and set further away from central areas. Need a large and suitable real estate footprint. But may conflict with local residents.
