2⃣.2⃣ethinic Differences In Achievement) External Factors Flashcards

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0
Q

Name the two main aspects of inadequate socialisation in the home

A

⚫️intellectual and language skills

⚫️attitudes, values and family structure

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1
Q

Name the main external factors affecting ethnic differences in achievement

A

⚫️cultural deprivation

⚫️material deprivation and class

⚫️racism in wider society

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2
Q

Describe how intellectual and language skills causes inadequate socialisation in the home

A
⚫️cultural deprivation theory claims 
➡️children from low income black families 
➡️lack intellectual stimulation 
➡️so fail to develop
➡️reasoning and problem solving skills 

⚫bereter and Englemann claim
➡️language of poorer black american families
➡️is ungrammatical and disjointed
➡️so children unable to express abstract ideas
➡️a major barrier to educational progress

⚫️some claim children who do not speak english at home
➡️held back educationally

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3
Q

Give an evaluation of intellectual and language skills

A

⚫️swann report
➡️language not major factor in underachievement
➡️negative effect likely to be temporary
➡️indian pupils do well despite not speaking english at home

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4
Q

What may the differences in attitudes and values towards education be the result of

A

Socialisation

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5
Q

What is resulted when children are socialised in the mainstream culture

A

⚫competitiveness
⚫️desire for achieve
⚫️thus equipping them for success in education

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6
Q

Name 5 different attitudes values and family structure

A

⚫️fatalism and immediate gratification

⚫️lack of male role model

⚫️culture of poverty

⚫️impact of slavery

⚫️asian families

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7
Q

Explain the impact of fatalism and immediate gratification in achievement

A

⚫️cultural deprivation theorists claim
➡️socialised subculture of black children
➡️fatalistic and focussed on immediate gratification
➡️cause lack of motivation to succeed

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8
Q

Explain the impact of lack of male role model on achievement

A

Lack of male role model at home
➡️african Caribbean boys
Turn to anti educational macho gang culture

⚫️new right - murray
➡️high rate of lone parenthood
➡️and lack of positive male role model
➡️lead to underachievement of minority pupils

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9
Q

Give an evaluation of the lack of male role model

A

⚫️connor
➡️minority ethnic parents
➡️place higher value on education
➡️than white parents

⚫️sewell
➡️only minority of african Caribbean boys
➡️weren anti-school

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10
Q

Explain the impact of culture of poverty on achievement

A

⚫️moynihan
➡️absence of male role model of
➡achievement in matrifocal lone parent families
➡️produce inadequately socialised children
➡who fail at school
➡️become inadequate parents themselves
➡️and continue a culture of poverty

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11
Q

Explain the impact on slavery on achievement

A

⚫️pryce
➡️black Caribbean culture is less resistant to racism
➡because of experience of slavery
➡️causes them to have low self esteem and under achieve

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12
Q

Explain the impact of asian families on achievement

A

⚫️khan
➡️asian families is an obstacle to achievement
➡️especially for girls
➡️takes a controlling attitude towards them
➡️so they do less well than boys

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13
Q

Give an evaluation of impact on asian families on achievement

A

⚫️some argue asian family
➡️more positive attitude towards education

➡️adult authority in them
➡️similar to that in school

➡️so asian parent more likely than white parents
➡️to support school behaviour policies

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14
Q

Explain why white working class pupils underachieve

A

⚫️have lower aspirations than many other ethnic groups
➡️due to white working class culture
➡️including lack of parental support

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15
Q

Name recent sociologists who support the view of white working class pupils underachieving

A

⚫️lupton

⚫️evans

16
Q

Describe luptons evidence of white working class pupils underachieving

A

⚫️studied four mainly w/c schools
➡️with different ethnic compositions
➡️teacher reported poorer levels of behaviours and discipline
➡️in the white w/c schools
➡️linked to lower levels of
➡️parental support and negative attitudes of white w/c parents towards education

17
Q

Describe evans recent evidence to support the view that white working class pupils are underachieving

A

⚫️street culture in white w/c areas
➡️can be brutal
➡️brought into school
➡️causes strong pressure to reject education

18
Q

Explain what compensatory education is

A

⚫️educational policy
➡️aim to counter the effect of cultural deprivation
➡️e.g

⚫️operation head start
➡️USA established to compensate children
➡️for the culture deficit
➡️said to suffer because of deprived backgrounds

⚫️sure start
➡️in UK aims to support development of
➡️pre-school children in deprived areas

19
Q

Explain how compensatory education is based on the assumption that under achievement is caused by cultural deprivation rather than any other factors

A

⚫️

20
Q

Name the criticism of cultural deprivation

A

⚫️victim blaming

⚫️cultural exclusion

⚫️cultural domination

21
Q

Explain why victim blaming is a criticism of cultural deprivation

A

⚫️keddie argues
➡️its a victim blaming explanation

➡️minority ethnic group children
➡️are culturally different
➡️not culturally deprived

➡️underachieve because school ethnocentric

22
Q

Explain how cultural exclusion is a criticism of cultural deprivation

A

⚫️bell argues
➡️minority ethnic group parents
➡️are at a disadvantage
➡️less aware of how to negotiate with the British education system

➡️results to cultural exclusion
➡️rather than cultural deprivation

➡Gewirts
➡️complex school application forms
➡️example of cultural exclusion practices in some school

23
Q

Explain how cultural domination os a criticism of cultural deprivation

A

⚫️compensatory education
➡️imposes dominant white middle class culture
➡️on minority ethnic group pupils own culture

24
Q

What does material deprivation mean

A

⚫️lack of physical or economic resources
➡️essential for normal life in society

⚫️material deprivations explanations of ethnic differences in achievement
➡️argue that educational failure
➡️is the result of material factors
➡️such as substandard housing and low income
➡️ethnic minority more likely to face these problems

25
Q

State the evidence that shows ethnic minorities are more likely to fact the problems of material deprivation of housing and low income

A

⚫️Pakistanis and Bangladeshis
➡️more likely than whites to be poor

⚫️for many minority
➡️unemployment higher
➡️pay is lower
➡️overcrowding in house likely

⚫️swan report
➡️social class accounts for
➡️half of the difference in educational achievement
➡️between ethnic groups

⚫️lowest achieving minority ethnic groups
➡️are those with lowest social class position
➡️e.g. Bangladeshi and Pakistani pupils
➡️more likely to be working class
➡️more likely to do worse
➡️compared with indian and white pupils

26
Q

What is racism in wider society

A

⚫️

27
Q

Give three examples of racism in wider society and how it’ll lead to underachievement

A

⚫️