2 Flashcards
1
Q
- is defined as a precursor to the
unfolding or existence of something. - are factorsthat paved the way for the presence of advanced and sophisticated scientific and technological innovations today.
A
antecedent
2
Q
- Play major roles in our
everyday life - Make difficult and
complicated tasks
easier and done with
little effort and time - The driving force
behind this continuous
progress is the desire
to raise the quality of
life of the people
A
Science and Technology
3
Q
Before the advent of written records, prehistoric
humans developed innovative tools and
techniques that helped them survive and thrive in
their environments. From stone tools to firemaking, these early innovations set the stage for
future scientific advancements.
A
Prehistoric Innovations
4
Q
Before the advent of written records, prehistoric
humans developed _____ that helped them survive and thrive in
their environments.
A
innovative tools and
techniques
5
Q
From ___, these early innovations set the stage for
future scientific advancements.
A
stone tools to firemaking
6
Q
PRIORITIES -ANCIENT TIMES
(7)
A
- Transportation and
Navigation - Communication and
Record Keeping - Mass Production
- Security
- Health
- Engineering and Architecture
- Aesthetic
7
Q
Going places and discover new horizons
Search for food, trade
Navigation assisted them and allowed them to
return home
Animals → ancient wheel
Sumerians
A
Transportation and Navigation
8
Q
is needed to remember the
places
A
Record-keeping
9
Q
Communicate with natives to facilitate trade
and prevent conflicts
A
Communication
10
Q
It is vital to keep records of their history and
culture so they can ___
A
establish their identities
11
Q
Increase food production to meet
population demand
A
Mass Production
12
Q
Weapons and armors – for security
and protection
A
Security
13
Q
discovery
of cures and prevention of
diseases
A
Conservation of life
14
Q
build structures that would meet their
specific needs and wants
A
Engineering
15
Q
elaborate architectural designs were
signs of technological advancements
A
Architecture
16
Q
technological advances (signature of
civilization)
A
- Style
17
Q
- Status symbol
- Nation identity
A
Engineering and Architecture
18
Q
people become visually presentable and appealing
by adding some features and ornaments in their
body
A
Aesthetic
19
Q
Sumerian is located on the southernmost tip of
ancient
A
Mesopotamia.
20
Q
are known for their high degree of
cooperation with one another and their desire for
great things
A
Sumerians
21
Q
Sumerian Civilization: ?-? ???
A
3500-2000 BCE
22
Q
▪ Oldest form of writing; great contribution for the
writing system
A
Cuneiform
23
Q
A system that utilizes **word pictures and triangular
symbols **which are carved on clay using instruments
and then left to dry
A
Cuneiform
24
Q
Allowed Sumerians to keep records of things with
great historical value
A
Cuneiform
25
▪ Were not made for transportation but for farm
work and food processes
Wheel
26
made food production easier;
milling is faster
Wheel and axle
27
Means of transportation through
waterways
Sailboats
28
▪ Mode of transportation that requires not
much human resource
Sailboats
29
▪ Was invented to dig the ground where seeds
would be planted
▪ Farmers were able to cultivate larger parcels
of land faster for mass food production
Sumerian Plow
30
developed the first roads
sumerians
31
▪ Same technology in making **sunbaked
bricks**
▪ Poured **bitumen** to smoothen the
roads
Roads and Pavement
32
▪ Also called the **mountain of god**
▪ Was constructed using **sunbaked bricks**
▪ Served as the sacred place of their **chief god;**
only priests were allowed to enter
▪ Has intricate and elaborate Sumerian
architecture
The Great Ziggurat of Ur
33
▪ First true city in the world
▪ Built by using mud or clay from the
river, mixed with reeds to form sunbaked
bricks
▪ Bricks were used to make houses
Uruk City
34
* One of the most beneficial engineering work.
▪ Built to be able to maintain food production
▪ Sumerians created _______
to bring water to fields and at the same time
control the flooding of the rivers
Dikes and Irrigation
35
was the capital of the ancient land
of Babylonia in southern Mesopotamia.
The city of Babylon
36
* Situated on the Euphrates River about 50 miles south
of modern Baghdad
* With tremendous wealth and power; monumental size
and appearance
* The ground is very fertile and produces wild barley,
chickpea, and sesame.
* The land is also rich with dates, apples, and other fruit
as well as fish and birds
The city of Babylon
37
were great builders, engineers and
architects
Babylonians
38
▪ Made of layers upon layers of
gardens that contained several
species of plants, trees, and vines
▪ Were one of the Seven Wonders of
the Ancient World listed by Hellenic
culture
Hanging Gardens of Babylon (600 BC)
39
According to one legend, the Hanging Gardens
were built alongside a grand palace known as
The
Marvel of Mankind,
40
According to one legend, the Hanging Gardens
were built alongside a grand palace known as The
Marvel of Mankind, by the Neo-Babylonian King
____ for his Median wife, Queen
Amytis, because she missed the green hills and
valleys of her homeland.
Nebuchadnezzar II
41
Were the Hanging Gardens of Babylon Actually
Real?
▪ Some historians believe they were purely mythical, while others think they may have existed in a city other than Babylon
▪ The lack of any solid archaeological evidence and that they were merely a pigment of ancient Greek minds and lore.
▪ On the other hand, if it really existed, it must have been destroyed by war, erosion or earthquake.
42
➢ Located in North Africa
➢ Noted for the infrastructures established
by the pharaohs
➢ Contributed to practical things that the
world considers as essential
Egyptian Civilization
43
▪ Not the first to develop system of writing (Clay tablets)
▪ ___ was a plant that grew along the Nile river
▪ Lightweight, strong, durable and portable
▪ Easier documentation and record-keeping
Paper or Papyrus
44
▪ Invented by combining soot with
different chemicals to produce __ of
different colors
▪** Must withstand the elements of nature
and tamper-proof**
Ink
45
▪ System of writing developed by Egyptians
▪ Was the language that tells the modern world
of the history and culture of Egypt, and they
were well-preserved since they were **carved at
the walls of the pyramids and other structures**
Hieroglyphics
46
Used to irrigate land
▪ Hand operated to lift water
▪ Efficient farming
Shadoof
47
▪ Utilizes gravity that affects the flow
of water from one vessel to the other
▪ The amount of water remaining in
the device determines how much
time has elapsed since it is full
▪ Time-keeping device
Water Clock/Clepsydra
48
▪ Egyptians wore __ around the eyes to prevent and
even cure eye diseases
Kohl
49
Kohl was created by mixing
malachite with mineral
galena
50
# Egyptian Civilization
They also believed that a person wearing make-up
was ?
protected from evil and that beauty was a sign
of holiness.
51
Was for health and aesthetic reasons
Cosmetics
52
▪ Were worn for health and wellness
▪ Used to protect the heads of the wealthy
from harmful rays of the sun
Wig
53
❖ Known as the birthplace of western
philosophy
❖ Contributed much to the fields of science
and technology
is an archipelago in the southeastern
part of Europe
Greece/Greek Civilization
54
▪ Used large complicated mechanisms
▪ Made use of water (sands) that dropped
into drums which sounded the alarm
Alarm Clock
55
▪ Made use of ___that dropped
into drums which sounded the alarm
water (sands)
56
# Greek Civilization
▪ Considered as one of the most
important contributions of the Greeks
▪ For agricultural processes like milling
of grains
Water Mill
57
▪ ancient Greek astronomical calculator
▪ used to calculate and display information about
astronomical phenomena
Antikythera mechanism
58
Antikythera mechanism - described as the oldest known example of an
____ used to predict astronomical
positions and eclipses decades in advance
analogue computer
59
▪Strongest political and social entity in the west
▪Cradle of politics and governance
Roman Civilization
60
▪ ______-1
st newspaper containing announcements of
empire
Gazettes
61
# Roman Civilization
▪ Major contribution
▪ Gazettes-1
st newspaper containing announcements of
empire
▪ Engraved in metal or stone tablets
Newspaper
62
▪ For record keeping
▪ Julius Caesar started the tradition of stacking
up papyrus to form pages of a book
▪ Bound papyrus pages covered by animal skinCodex
Bound Book or Codex
63
started the tradition of stacking
up papyrus to form pages of a book
Julius Caesar
64
Bound papyrus pages covered by
animal skin-Codex
65
Roman architecture
_____ - since they adapted new building and
engineering technology or architectural designs
Pioneer
66
▪ Old number systems could not keep up with high
calculation requirements
▪ Romans devised their own number system
Roman numerals
67
▪ Known as a **Hero's engine**
▪ Precursor of **steam engine**
▪ A simple, bladeless radial steam turbine which
spins when the central water container is heated
Aeolipile
68
made significant contributions to science and
technology, including the invention of hieroglyphic writing and the
development of astronomy and medicine.
Ancient Egyptians
69
pioneered advancements in agriculture,
mathematics, and the invention of the wheel.
Mesopotamian civilizations
70
made important strides in philosophy, mathematics, and
natural sciences, laying the groundwork for modern scientific methodologies.
Ancient Greeks
71
5th century – 15th century
Advancement of Science and Technology
* new inventions
* introduction of new innovations
* Emergence of scientific thinking and method
MIDDLE AGES
72
* Known as Dark
Age.
* It is the period of
colonization and
adventure.
* There was a war
between religion and
science; started with
massive invasions and
migrations.
* Wars were prevalent
during this time, great
technology was needed
in the fields of
weaponry, navigation,
mass food and farm
productions, and health.
MIDDLE AGES/MEDIAVAL AGES
73
* Harness clay soil
* Turned European agriculture and economy
on its head
Heavy plough/plow
74
# MIDDLE AGES: Chinese Civilization
* Created by alchemist to achieve immortality – Elixir of Life
GUNPOWDER
75
# MIDDLE AGES: Chinese Civilization
Chinese term meaning fire potion
“Huoyao”
76
# MIDDLE AGES: Chinese Civilization
* Produce heat and gas in an instant
* Preferred long range weapon.
GUNPOWDER
77
# MIDDLE AGES: Chinese Civilization
* Accidental: mixed charcoal, sulfur and
potassium nitrate → __
black powder
78
# MIDDLE AGES: Chinese Civilization
* Produced by silkworms
* Used to make paper and clothing
* Opened China to the outside world
* Cultural, economic and scientific exchanges
* Bridged gap between the west and the middle
kingdom
SILK
79
# MIDDLE AGES: Chinese Civilization
= beverage produced from pouring hot boiling water
over crushed or shredded dried tea leaves.
tea
80
# MIDDLE AGES: Chinese Civilization
1st tea was for the
Emperor
81
# MIDDLE AGES: Chinese Civilization
most popular beverage in the world
tea
82
# MIDDLE AGES: Chinese Civilization
Chinese inventor created a machine that
shreds tea leaves
into strips
83
# MIDDLE AGES: Chinese Civilization
* Once considered to be the only man-made
structure visible from space.
* Largest and most extensive structure built in China.
* To keep invaders at bay
* Stone bricks, wood, earth, mud
* Pride of the nation and crowning glory
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
84
# MIDDLE AGES: Chinese Civilization
▪ 17th century
▪ An offshoot of the invention of block printing – stamping
▪ Replaced the use of gold and silver as currencies
▪ are convenient to carry around especially for merchants
PAPER MONEY
85
▪ Used for transforming fiber into thread or yarn and
eventually to cloth
▪ Invented by Indians (6th
-11th century)
▪ Breakthrough of linen production
Spinning Wheel
86
▪ Clockwork technology developed
▪ For accurate time-keeping
Mechanical Clock
87
saw the emergence of numerous
transformative inventions, including the steam engine, telegraph, and
spinning jenny
The Middle Ages/ Industrial Revolution
88
revolutionized manufacturing,
transportation, and communication, leading to unprecedented societal and
economic changes.
The Middle Ages/Industrial Revolution
89
# who
Printing Press
▪ Johan Gutenberg
90
▪ A more reliable way of printing using a
cast type.
▪ He utilized wooden machines that
extracted juices from fruits, attached to
them a metal impression of the letters,
and pressed firmly the cast metal into a
piece of paper, which then made an exact
impression on paper.
Printing Press
91
the challenge to keep
manufactured food from deteriorating was
greater for dairy products, especially milk, since
they spoil faster.
Pasteurization
92
a French biologist,
microbiologist, and chemist found a way to
solve the problem.
❑ He invented pasteurization, the process of
heating dairy products to kill harmful
bacteria that causes spoilage
Louis Pasteur
93
Used to generate light
Animal oil
94
Modern times=
power
95
* Invent kerosene by
refining petroleum
96
(illuminating oil)
Kerosene
97
* Invent kerosene by refining petroleum
* Kerosene (illuminating oil)
* Light →heat
Samuel Kier
98
* Communication /connections
* Trade and exploration
* City maintenance
Telephone
99
* Allows quick access to a person
and reply can be quickly made
to decisions that are time
sensitive.
Telephone
100
paved the way to the
development of complex processing
machines line computer
Calculator
101
Calculator who
1642 = Blaise pascal (18 yr old)
102
Sharp EL-8 in 1971=
$350
103
* Dutch spectacle maker is credited for the
invention of the 1st microscope 1590
Zacharias Janssen
104
* Putting together several lenses in a tube
* Far greater than a simple magnifying
glasses =#X-10X
* Important tool in medicine, forensics,
tissue analysis, genetics, microbiology
COMPUND MICROSCOPE
105
* Most important for astronomy
* Could magnify objects 20 times larger
Telescope
106
telescope who
Galileo Galilei
107
JACQUARD LOOM who
Joseph Marie Jacquard (French)
108
* Most critical drivers of the industrial
revolution
* Joseph Marie Jacquard (French)
* Simplify textile manufacturing
JACQUARD LOOM
109
ENGINE-POWERED AIRPLANE
* Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright
110
Television
* John Logie Baird (Scottish)
111
Televised objects in outline
(1924)
112
Recognizable human faces
( 1925)
113
Moving objects
(1926)
114
Projected color images
(1928)
115
MODERN TIMES
FOCUS: (4)
1. Survival
2. Trade & Commerce
3. Transportation
4. Communication
116
Important Inventions during the
Modern Age (4)
❖ Energy alternatives
❖ Genetic Engineering
❖ Computer and Microelectronics
❖ Medicine
117
Inventions that Shaped the World
* Electricity
* Computers
* Penicillin
* Internet
118
Challenges and Ethical Considerations(3)
* Privacy
* AI
* Climate Change
