2 Flashcards
tokugawa consolidation of power
-moved capital from Kyoto to Edo (Tokyo)
-internal political power
-external (foreign affairs)
tokugawa period
(1600-1868)
-also known as…Early Modern Period and Edo Period
-populace was disarmed, great sword hunt of 1588
-85% pop farmers and peasants, 6-7% samurai, 9% artisans and merchants, less than 1% were outcasts
-Unification marked the beginning of a distinctly Japanese mass culture
-Eventually, the external and internal pressures from developing powers, be they daimyo or America, caused the Bakumatsu, the fall of the shogunate.
Internal political power during Tokugawa Period
-the settlements
–the emperor
–the daimyo
–the samurai
-shogun is unofficially above the emperor, but officially in between emperor and daimyo
Social order during Tokugawa Period
samurai (6% of pop.)
-peasants/farmers (85% of pop.)
-artisans (9% of pop. including merchants)
-merchants (9% of pop. including artisans)
___________________
-outcasts (less than 1% of pop.)
–bura kumin
–eta
Three types of daimyo during Tokugawa Period
- shinpan daimyo (related to Tokugawa)
–means “cadet”/family - fudai daimyo
–means “house”/vassals - tozama daimyo
–means “outer”/not cool lol
-fudai and tozama were once enemies of the Tokugawa
Establishing control over the daimyo and the samurai during Tokugawa period
-Buke Shohatto (laws governing military households)
–this controlled people, marriages, etc
-control over land
–shogun kept outer daimyo furthest away so that they would have to spend more money traveling to capital, and because their potential to rebel would be much harder, more expensive, etc
Tokugawa control over everyone else…
-1630s, when registration with Buddhist temples was required
-travel was limited
-shogun did not want people converting to christianity
-laws were enforced to dictate hair (tonsorial) and dress (sartorial)
Establishing foreign power/policy (1543-1639
-Japan closed itself to to WEST (besides dutch)
–this enforced the term “sakoku” meaning closed country, but this is wrong because Japan was only closed to the West and not countries like China and Korea
Dejima
-island off of Nagasaki set to keep West traders (Dutch, at that point) at a distance
-every interaction the West would have with Japan was done through the island
–prostitutes, food, etc
How Hideyoshi liked/disliked Christians
-did NOT like christianity
-1597 San Felipe
–takes 26 christians (both spanish and japanese), marches them to kyoto, then to nagasaki, cuts off their ears, and kills them
-bans the padres in 1587
Fukaku
-act of cutting of a person’s ear
-was usually only one ear so that they could count bodies (1 ear= 1 body)
-was used in 1597 San Felipe instance when Hideyoshi tortured spanish and japanese christians before he had them killed
How Iemitsu feels towards christianity
-does not like them
-(1633-1639): his edicts strictly ban christianity and contact with foreigners
-would torture japanese christians due to their religion
