Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DDD > 2 > Flashcards

2 Flashcards

1
Q

Drug Discovery in the Ancient Times:

A

• ANCIENT EGYPT
• ANCIENT GREECE
• ANCIENT ROME
• ANCIENT INDIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ancient Egypt civilization fluorished in the?

A

NILE VALLEY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It is known for its advanced medical knowledge, complex religious beliefs, and impressive architectural achievements.

A

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN (NILE VALLEY)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ancient Greece is recognized for its contributions to?

A

PHILOSOPHY
SCIENCE
MEDICINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is the development of the Hippocratic Oath and the foundation of Western Medicine.

A

ANCIENT GREECE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ancient Greece is recognized for its contributions to Philosophy, Science and medicine, including the development of ______ and the _____?

A

• HIPPOCRATIC OATH
• FOUNDATION OF WESTERN MEDICINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The roman Empire is known for its?

A

VASTNESS
INFLUENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ancient India developed a sophisticated system of medicine known as?

A

AYURVEDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

It emphasized holistic healing and the use of natural remedies?

A

AYURVEDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who developed the sophisticated system of medicine known as Ayurveda which emphasizes holistic healing and the use of the natural remedies?

A

ANCIENT INDIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who is known for its vastness and Influence?

A

ROMAN EMPIRE (ANCIENT ROME)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Early Medicinal Practices in the Ancient Times:

A

• OBSERVATION AND EXPERIMENTATION
• RITUALS AND SUPERSTITIONS
• DEVELOPING HERBAL REMEDIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Early medicinal practices were often based on _____ and _____, using natural remedies from plants and minerals.

A

OBSERVATION AND EXPERIMENTATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Early Medicinal practices were often based on observation and experimentation, using natural remedies from?

A

• PLANTS
• MINERALS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Many cultures believed in supernatural forces and spirits, incorporating rituals and magical practices into their healing
methods.

A

RITUALS AND SUPERSTITIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ancient healers learned to identify and use specific plants for their medicinal properties, leading to the development of herbal remedies.

A

DEVELOPING HERBAL REMEDIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Observation is also called as?

A

EMPIRICAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ancient Pharmacopoeia and Knowledge Sharing:

A

• WRITTEN RECORDS
• KNOWLEDGE TRANSMISSION
• SHARING OF KNOWLEDGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A collection of different medications?

A

PHARMACOPOEIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ancient civilizations developed written pharmacopoeias, documenting medicinal plants, remedies and treatment methods.

A

WRITTEN RECORD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ancient civilizations developed ____documenting medicinal plants, remedies and treatment methods.

A

WRITTEN PHARMACOPOEIAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Knowledge about medicine was passed down through oral traditions and apprenticeships, ensuring its continuity.

A

KNOWLEDGE TRANSMISSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Trade and cultural exchange facilitated the sharing of medical knowledge between civilizations, spreading therapeutic practices.

A

SHARING OF KNOWLEDGE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

It Primarily focuses on medical diagnosis and treatments, it also provides valuable insights into Ancient Egypt drug discovery.

A

EBERS PAPYRUS / PAPYRUS EBERS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Scroll was found in the?

A

TOMB OF A MUMMY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who discovered Scroll or Ebers Papyrus?

A

GEORGE EBERS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The papyrus lists various natural remedies including ____, ____, _____, and _____. These substances were used to treat various ailments, such as pain, fever and digestive disorders.

A

• HERBS
• PLANTS
• MINERALS
• ANIMAL PRODUCTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

They suggests that ancient Egyptians relied on empirical observations to discover mee remedies.

A

EBERS PAPYRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Advancement in Ancient Pharmaceutical Techniques:

A

GRINDING AND MIXING
STORING AND PRESERVING
DISTILLATION AND EXTRACTION
INHALING REMEDIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Who discovered Opium for Pain relief?

A

ANCIENT EGYPTIANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Ancient Egyptians used opium, extracted from the _____ as a pain reliever and sedative?

A

POPPY PLANT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Opium or Poppy Plant can cause?

A

PAIN RELIEVER
SEDATIVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Who discovered Willow Bark for Fever Reduction

A

ANCIENT GREEKS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Who discovered the used for digitalis for Heart Conditions?

A

ANCIENT ROMANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Ancient Greeks recognized the effectiveness of ____ for reducing fever, a precursor to modern aspirin.

A

WILLOW BARK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Ancient Romans used digitalis, derived from the ____, to treat heart conditions, a precursor to modern heart medications.

A

FOXGLOVE PLANT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Ancient drug development was
often based on empirical observations and traditional practices rather than scientific understanding.

A

LACK OF SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Ancient civilizations had limited
knowledge of human anatomy and
physiology, hindering their
understanding of disease processes.

A

LIMITED KNOWLEDGE OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Many herbal remedies had significant toxicity and side effects, posing risks to patients.

A

TOXICITY AND SIDE EFFECTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

were used to grind and mix herbs creating powders and tinctures for medicinal purposes.

A

MORTAR AND PESTLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Mortars and pestles were used to grind and mix herbs, creating ____ and ____ for medicinal purposes.

A

POWDERS
TINCTURES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Were used to store and preserve herbal remedies, ensuring their potency and efficacy.

A

VIALS
JARS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Some civilizations developed distillation techniques to extract essential pils and other medicinal compounds.

A

DISTILLATION AND EXTRACTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Inhaling vapors from incense and other medicinal substances was a common practice for treating?

A

RESPIRATORY AILMENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Inhaling vapors from incense and other medicinal substances was a common practice for treating respiratory ailments

A

INHALING REMEDIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

They laid the foundation for modern medicine, highlighting the importance of observing natural remedies, developing pharmaceutical techniques, and sharing knowledge.

A

ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Period of enlightenment

A

RENAISSANCE PERIODS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

They witnessed significant advancements in drug discovery and development, laying the foundation for mordern medicine.

A

MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE PERIODS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

they often associated with the pursuit of gold, also delved into the study of substances and their properties, contributing to early pharmacology.

A

ALCHEMISTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Their experiments laid the foundation for early chemical processes, laying the groundwork for later advancements in drug extraction and purification.

A

ALCHEMISTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

They developed distillation techniques, which revolutionized the extraction and concentration of medical substances.

A

ALCHEMISTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Herbal remedies dominated medicinal practices during the medieval period relying on the knowledge of plants’ therapeutic properties.

A

HERBALISM’S RISE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

They played a povital role in preserving and transmitting knowledge about medicinal plants, creating extensive herbals and gardens

A

MONASTERIES AND CONVENTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Monasteries and Convents played a pivotal role in preserving and transmitting knowledge about medicinal plants, creating extensive herbals and gardens.

A

TRADITIONAL WISDOM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

They meticulously recorded plant properties and their use in treating various ailments, forming the foundation for early pharmacopoeias.

A

MONKS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Were widely used for a range of conditions from common illness to complex diseases, showcasing the effectiveness of plants in medicine.

A

HERBAL REMEDIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Served as centere of learning and knowledge, playing a vital role in preserving and transmitting medicinal knowledge.

A

MONASTERIES

58
Q

Served as centers of learning and knowledge, playing a vital role in preserving and transmitting medicinal knowledge.

A

MONASTERIES

59
Q

Monks meticulously recorded plant propertied and their uses in treating various ailments, forming the foundation for early pharmacopoeias.

A

EARLY PHARMACOPOEAIS

60
Q

Monasteries served as centers of learning and knowledge, playing a vital role in preserving and transmitting medicinal knowledge.

A

CENTERS OF KNOWLEDGE

61
Q

They meticulously cultivated and preserved medicinal plants, ensuring a steady supply for remedies and treatments.

A

MONKS

62
Q

Monks meticulously cultivated and preserved medicinal plants, ensuring a steady supply for remedies and treatments.

A

CULTIVATION AND PRESERVATION

63
Q

Full name of Theophrastus

A

Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim

64
Q

The book that was created by Theophratus?

A

ENQUIRY INTO PLANTS / THE HISTORIA PLANTARUM

65
Q

It is a comprehensive work on botany by the ancient Greek philosopher Theophrastus?

A

ENQUIRY INTO PLANTS / THE HISTORIA PLANTARUM

66
Q

An ancient Greek Philosopher?

A

THEOPHRASTUS

67
Q

He classified plants based on their physical characteristics, which laid the groundwork for future botanical studies and the identification of medicinal plants.

A

THEOPHRATUS

68
Q

Theophratus work influenced subsequent herbalist and physicans, such as ____ who expanded upon his knowledge of medicinal plants.

A

DIOSCORIDES

69
Q

What is the written work of Pedanius Dioscorides?

A

DE MATERIA MEDICA

70
Q

Is a groundbreaking work on pharmacology and botany that has had a profound influence on the history of medicine.

A

DE MATERIA MEDICA

71
Q

Pedanius Dioscorides De Materia Medica is a groundbreaking work on ____ and ____ that has had a profound influence on the history of medicine.

A

PHARMACOLOGY AND BOTANY

72
Q

The Historia Plantarum is a comprehensive work on ____ by the Ancient Greek philosopher Theophrastus.

A

BOTANY

73
Q

De Materia Maedica was written in?

A

1ST CENTURY AD

74
Q

De Materia Medica was written in the 1st Century AD, this encyclopedia style text provides detailed descriptions of over ______, ____, _____ along with their medicinal propertied and uses

A

600 PLANTS, ANIMALS AND MINERALS

75
Q

Dioscorides work helped to standardize medicinal knowledge and establish a foundation for future pharmacological research

A

DE MATERIA MEDICA

76
Q

The emergence of universities in the 12th century ushered in a new era of academic inquiry, leading to the systematic study of medicine and pharmacology.

A

ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS

77
Q

Scholars began focusing on the specific properties of medicinal compounds and their interactions with the human body.

A

FOCUS ON MEDICINAL COMPOUNDS

78
Q

University Scholars developed textbooks that summarized existing knowledge and provided insights into the efficacy of various remedies.

A

DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL TEXTBOOKS

79
Q

The study of medicinal compounds within universities laid the foundation for early pharmacological research and drug development.

A

EARLY PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH

80
Q

The renaissance period witnessed a renewed emphasis on anatomical dissections, leading to a more accurate understanding of the human body.

A

ANSTOMICAL DISSECTIONS

81
Q

detailed anatomical drawings revolutionized the study of human anatomy, providing unprecedented insight into its structure

A

Leonardo da Vinci

82
Q

The Renaissance saw the introduction of ___ and ___ offering more convenient and standardized way to administer medications.

A

PILLS AND TABLETS

83
Q

it is developed to make medications more palatable and easier to swallow, especially for children and those with difficulty swallowing.

A

SYRUPS AND ELIXIRS

84
Q

were used topically to treat skin conditions and wounds, offering targeted delivery of medicinal ingredients.

A

OINTMENTS AND SALVES

85
Q

were introduced for rectal administration, allowing medications to bypass the digestive system and target specific areas.

A

ENEMAS AND SUPPOSITORIES

86
Q

Despite advancements, there was still a limited understanding of disease processes and the true mechanisms of drug action.

A

LIMITED UNDERSTANDING

87
Q

Drug preparation and dosages were often inconsistent, leading to variable effectiveness and potential toxicity.

A

LACK OF STANDARDIZATION

88
Q

Some treatments involved harmful substances or practices, highlighting the need for ethical considerations in drug development.

A

ETHICAL CONCERS

89
Q

The scientific method which would later revolutionize drug delivery, was not fully established, leading to a reliance on tradition and observation.

A

LACK OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD

90
Q

A renowned Persian Physician, made significant contributions to pharmacology, writing extensively on medicinal plants and their properties.

A

AVICENNA

91
Q

was a key medical text and was considered required reading at the University of Vienna in 1537 and contained descriptions of over 700 medicinal plants and the medicines that could be derived from them .

A

CANNONS OF MEDICINE

92
Q

Cannons of Medicine was a key
medical text and was considered required reading at the ________ in ___ and contains descriptions of over 700 medicinal
plants and the medicines that could be derived from them .

A

UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA IN 1537

93
Q

The author of Cannons of Medicine

A

AVICENNA

94
Q

The father of toxicology?

A

PARACELSUS

95
Q

The father of botany?

A

THEOPHRASTUS

96
Q

controversial but influential Renaissance physician, challenged traditional medical practices and advocated for the use of
chemicals and minerals in medicine.

A

PARACELSUS

97
Q

He is considered a key figure in
the development of modern medicine and is known for his rejection of traditional medical theories in favor of empirical observation and experimentation.

A

PARACELSUS

98
Q

He wants to make sure that the chemicals used in medicines were not harmful or safe to use.

A

PARACELSUS

99
Q

The Golden Age of Drug Discovery

A

19th CENTURY

100
Q

significant progress in understanding the human body’s chemistry and how drugs interacted with it.

A

19th Century

101
Q

The Advancements in techniques like spectroscopy and chromatography allowed for the identification and isolation of active compounds was developed in?

A

19th CENTURY

102
Q

These breakthroughs led to the development of new drugs for treating
diseases like ____ and ____.

A

MALARIA AND SYPHILIS

103
Q

When did These breakthroughs led to the development of new drugs for treating
diseases like malaria and syphilis.

A

19th Century

104
Q

Advancements in techniques like _____ and _____ allowed for the identification and isolation of active compounds.

A

SPECTROSCOPY AND CHROMAGTOGRAPHY

105
Q

Notable figures in the 19th Century:

A

• Friedrich Sertürner
• Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Caventou
• William Withering
• Edward Jenner

106
Q

He isolated morphine from opium in 1805, the first alkaloid to be isolated.

A

Friedrich Sertürner

107
Q

Friedrich Sertürner Isolated ____ from ____ in 1805, the first alkaloid to be isolated

A

MORPHINE FROM OPIUM

108
Q

When did Friedrich Sertürner isolated Morphine from Opium?

A

1805

109
Q

Isolated quinine from cinchona
bark in 1820, a crucial antimalarial drug.

A

PIERRE JOSEPH PELLETIER AND JOSEPH CAVENTOU

110
Q

Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Cavento isolated ____ from ____ in 1820, a crucial antimalarial drug.

A

QUININE FROM CINCHONA BARK

111
Q

When did Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Caventou isolated quinine in cinchona bark?

A

1820

112
Q

A crucial antimalarial drug

A

QUININE

113
Q

Investigated the medicinal properties of digitalis in the late 18th century, leading to its use in treating heart failure

A

William Withering

114
Q

Investigated the medicinal properties of ____ in the late 18th century, leading to its use in treating heart failure

A

DIGITALIS

115
Q

Digitalis is used in treating?

A

HEART FAILURE

116
Q

He Developed the smallpox vaccine
in 1796, a significant breakthrough in public health.

A

EDWARD JENNER

117
Q

Edward Jenner developed the ____ in ____, a significant breakthrough in public health.

A

SMALLPOX VACCINE IN 1796

118
Q

The father of immunology?

A

EDWARD JENNER

119
Q

The Rise of Synthetic Drugs in the?

A

19th Century

120
Q

saw the rise of synthetic drug production,
marking a new era in medicine.

A

19th Century

121
Q

New Era of Medicines is in?

A

19th Century

122
Q

Advances in organic chemistry
allowed scientists to synthesize
complex molecules with therapeutic potential.

A

19th Century

123
Q

The development of antiseptics
like carbolic acid and anesthetics
like chloroform revolutionized
surgery.

A

19th Century

124
Q

One of the most significant
breakthroughs was the synthesis
of aspirin, a painkiller still widely
used today.

A
125
Q

A widely used painkiller today?

A

ASPIRIN

126
Q

Used in the treatment of syphilis?

A

SALVARSAN

127
Q

The development of antiseptics
like _____ and anesthetics
like _____ revolutionized
surgery.

A

CARBOLIC ACID
CHLOROFORM

128
Q

The era of pharmaceutical revolution?

A

20th Century

129
Q

The Industrial Revolution fueled the
development of large-scale
pharmaceutical manufacturing.

A

20th Century

130
Q

Dedicated pharmaceutical companies
like Bayer, Merck, and Parke-Davis
emerged, focusing on drug research
and production

A

20th Century

131
Q

witnessed the establishment of a more standardized drug development process, including preclinical testing, clinical trials, and regulatory approval.

A

20th Century

132
Q

The discovery of microorganisms and their role in disease led to
a paradigm shift in medicine.

A

20th Century

133
Q

Who discovered the penicillin in 1928 marked the dawn of the antibiotic era.

A

ALEXANDER FLEMING

134
Q

The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928 marked
the dawn of the antibiotic era.

A

20th Century

135
Q

Antibiotics revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections, saving countless lives and dramatically improving public health

A

20th CENTURY

136
Q

spurred the development
of new drugs for treating war
injuries and diseases.

A

WWII

137
Q

The demand for _____ during
the war led to mass production
and technological
advancements.

A

PENICILLIN

138
Q

The demand for penicillin during
the war led to mass production
and technological
advancements.

A

20th Century

139
Q

WWII spurred the development
of new drugs for treating war
injuries and diseases.

A

20th Century

140
Q

The war also increased government funding for medical research, accelerating scientific discoveries.

A

20th Century

141
Q

The Birth of arational Drug Design is in the?

A

20th Century

DDD (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions