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Question 1

A chemical substance that affects living organisms and is used by clinicians to prevent, diagnose, treat and relieve symptoms of a disease or abnormal conditions.

Answer 1

DRUG

Question 2

Is a hypothetical concept that encapsulates the desired qualities or a medication. While no drug can perfectly meet all these criteria, these properties serve as a benchmark for drug development and evaluation.

Answer 2

IDEAL DRUG

Question 3

6 Ideal Properties of Drugs

Answer 3

• EFFICACY AND POTENCY
• SAFETY AND SELECTIVITY
• PHARMACOKINETICS
• STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY
• COST-EFFECTIVENESS
• CONVENIENCE

Question 4

Blood entry

Answer 4

ABSORPTION

Question 5

Elimination through the kidneys, lungs, or biliary excretion.

Answer 5

EXCRETION

Question 6

Drug processing mainly by the liver.

Answer 6

METABOLISM

Question 7

Metabolism is a drug processing mainly by the?

Answer 7

LIVER

Question 8

It would be highly effective, safe, selective, and convenient, while also being affordable and easy to administer.

Answer 8

IDEAL DRUG

Question 9

Drug Development Process:

Answer 9

• DRUG DISCOVER
• PRE-CLINICAL TRIAL
• CLINICAL TRIALS
• FDA REVIEW
• MANUFACTURING

Question 10

How many volunteers are there in Phase I?

Answer 10

20-100

Question 11

How many volunteers are there in Phase II?

Answer 11

100-500

Question 12

How many volunteers are there in Phase III?

Answer 12

1000-5000

Question 13

Biological processes underlying a disease to identify potential targets, such as proteins and enzymes.

Answer 13

DISEASE UNDERSTANDING

Question 14

Targets are validated to ensure that interfering with them will likely have a therapeutic effect.

Answer 14

TARGET VALIDATION

Question 15

Millions of compounds are screened to identify those that interact with the target.

Answer 15

SCREENING

Question 16

The most promising compounds (hits) are further refined to improve their potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties.

Answer 16

HIT-TO-LEAD OPTIMIZATION

Question 17

a stage that is a critical phase in the process of developing a new drug.

Answer 17

PRE-CLINICAL RESEARCH

Question 18

It involves extensive testing and evaluation of the compound to ensure its safety and efficacy before it can be tested in humans.

Answer 18

PRE-CLINICAL RESEARCH

Question 19

Meaning “in living”

Answer 19

IN VIVO TESTING

Question 20

Experiments are performed on living organisms, such as animals or humans.

Answer 20

IN VIVO TESTING

Question 21

Meaning “in glass”

Answer 21

IN VITRO TESTING

Question 22

Experiments are performed outside of a living organism, often in a laboratory setting, using artificial conditions.

Answer 22

IN VITRO TESTING