1 Flashcards
A chemical substance that affects living organisms and is used by clinicians to prevent, diagnose, treat and relieve symptoms of a disease or abnormal conditions.
DRUG
Is a hypothetical concept that encapsulates the desired qualities or a medication. While no drug can perfectly meet all these criteria, these properties serve as a benchmark for drug development and evaluation.
IDEAL DRUG
6 Ideal Properties of Drugs
• EFFICACY AND POTENCY
• SAFETY AND SELECTIVITY
• PHARMACOKINETICS
• STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY
• COST-EFFECTIVENESS
• CONVENIENCE
Blood entry
ABSORPTION
Elimination through the kidneys, lungs, or biliary excretion.
EXCRETION
Drug processing mainly by the liver.
METABOLISM
Metabolism is a drug processing mainly by the?
LIVER
It would be highly effective, safe, selective, and convenient, while also being affordable and easy to administer.
IDEAL DRUG
Drug Development Process:
• DRUG DISCOVER
• PRE-CLINICAL TRIAL
• CLINICAL TRIALS
• FDA REVIEW
• MANUFACTURING
How many volunteers are there in Phase I?
20-100
How many volunteers are there in Phase II?
100-500
How many volunteers are there in Phase III?
1000-5000
Biological processes underlying a disease to identify potential targets, such as proteins and enzymes.
DISEASE UNDERSTANDING
Targets are validated to ensure that interfering with them will likely have a therapeutic effect.
TARGET VALIDATION
Millions of compounds are screened to identify those that interact with the target.
SCREENING
The most promising compounds (hits) are further refined to improve their potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties.
HIT-TO-LEAD OPTIMIZATION
a stage that is a critical phase in the process of developing a new drug.
PRE-CLINICAL RESEARCH
It involves extensive testing and evaluation of the compound to ensure its safety and efficacy before it can be tested in humans.
PRE-CLINICAL RESEARCH
Meaning “in living”
IN VIVO TESTING
Experiments are performed on living organisms, such as animals or humans.
IN VIVO TESTING
Meaning “in glass”
IN VITRO TESTING
Experiments are performed outside of a living organism, often in a laboratory setting, using artificial conditions.
IN VITRO TESTING
