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D1 Spring - Operative Dentistry I > 2/15: Instruments > Flashcards

2/15: Instruments Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of rotary instruments?

A

Handpieces

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2
Q

What are examples of cutting instruments?

A

Excavators, chisels, etc

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3
Q

What are examples of non-cutting instruments?

A

Condensers, mirrors, explorers, probes

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4
Q

Why is a shank angled?

A

To allow the cutting edge of the blade to be within the projected axis of the handle

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5
Q

What are the advantages of double ended instruments?

A

More efficient

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6
Q

What are the advantages of single ended instruments?

A

Safer

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7
Q

What are the three types of shank angles?

A

Triple angle
Bin angle
Mon angle

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8
Q

What are the two types of bevels?

A

Bi-bevels
Single bevels

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9
Q

What are examples of bi-bevels?

A

Chisels, ordinary hatchets

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10
Q

What are examples of single bevels?

A

Gingival margin trimmers

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11
Q

What is the function of the mesial side of a hand instrument?

A

To place bevels on the mesial cervical margin of the preparation

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12
Q

What is the function of the distal side of a hand instrument?

A

To place bevels on the distal cervical margin of the preparation

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13
Q

Where is the cutting edge angle measured from?

A

a line parallel to the long axis of the instrument
handle in clockwise centrigrades

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14
Q

What is the cutting edge angle expressed as?

A

A percent of 360 degrees
e.g., 85 = 85% of 360 degrees = 306 degrees
NOT present all of the time

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15
Q

What are hand instruments that we actually use every time for a prep?

A

Mirror
Explorer
Perio probe
Clinic only: spoon excavators

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16
Q

What are the functions of explorers?

A

◦ Feel for caries in clinical situation
◦ Feel for smoothness, sufficient interproximal clearance in lab

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17
Q

What are the functions of perio probe?

A

Lab only
Measure

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18
Q

What are the advantages of a mirror?

A

◦ Better visualization
◦ Light reflection
◦ Reminder to not put your hand on patient’s face

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19
Q

What hand instruments do we actually use every time for amalgam?

A

Mirror
Amalgam carrier
Condenser
Burnisher
Carvers (hollenback (early), cleod/discoid (once amalgam is set up))
Articulating paper holder (primarily in clinic)

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20
Q

What instruments do we actually use every time for composite resin restoration?

A

Mirror
Composite gun
Condenser
Burnishers
Hollenback carver and/or optrascupt
Curing light
Articulating paper (primarily in clinic)

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21
Q

What hand instruments do we primarily use in a class II restoration?

A

◦ Shepherd’s hook explorer
◦ Matrix band
Tofflemire + band for amalgam
Sectional (Palodent Plus) for composite
◦ Forceps

22
Q

What hand instruments do we use in clinic for restorations?

A

Dycal instrument and spatula in clinic

23
Q

What are the classification types of hand instruments?

A

Purpose – ex. scaler, excavator
Position of use – ex. hand condenser
Working end – ex. spoon excavator
Shape of shank – ex. mon-angle chisel
Combination – ex. bin-angle spoon excavator

24
Q

What are examples of cutting instruments?

A

◦ Hatchets
- sharpen line angles
- place retention
◦ Spoons
- remove caries
◦ Gingival Margin Trimmers
- Mesial and distal
◦ Gold knives, files, cleoid-discoid carvers, Hollenback carvers (cut restorative material)
◦ Hoes, chisels, angle-formers
◦ Chisels
- Straight, slightly curved (Wedelstaedt), or bin-angle
chisel- plane walls of prep
◦ Enamel hatchets
- cut enamel
◦ Gingival margin trimmers
- bevel enamel at gingival
◦ Others – gold knives, files, cleoid-discoid carvers,
Hollenback carvers
- cut restorative material Boyd

25
Q

What are examples of condensing instruments

A

Amalgam condensers, composite and plastic
instruments

26
Q

What are examples of miscellaneous instruments?

A

explorers, probes, mirrors, burnishers

27
Q

What are rotary instruments?

A

Use burs
Term “bur” applies to all rotary cutting instruments that have bladed cutting heads

28
Q

What do burs do?

A

Prepare enamel
◦ Adjust resin restorations
◦ Finish metal and resin restorations
◦ Laboratory Work
◦ Surgical Removal of Bone
◦ (not in operative)

29
Q

What are the two types of shanks that burs have?

A

Latch-type
Friction grip

30
Q

What kind of burs are used for tooth prep?

A

Carbide burs

31
Q

Describe the bur classification system

A

2= 1mm diameter round bur
57 = 1mm diameter straight fissure bur
34 = 0.8mm diameter inverted cone bur

32
Q

What are carbide burs?

A

o Stiffer and stronger than steel
o More brittle

33
Q

What are diamond burs?

A

oDiamond particle size
◦ Coarse
◦ Medium
◦ Fine
◦ Finishing burs
- even more fine

34
Q

What are the 4 types of diamond burs?

A

Flat-End Taper
Flat-End Cylinder
Flame
Wheel

35
Q

What are diamond burs used for?

A

o Intracoronal and extracoronal tooth
preparations
o Bevel enamel margins
o Enameloplasty

36
Q

What are the types of handpieces?

A

Pneumatic or electric

37
Q

What are the precautions for handpieces?

A

Pulpal Precautions
◦ Light pressure, air-water
sprays and sharp burs
Soft Tissue Precautions
◦ Rubber dam, retract soft
tissue with for example:
mirror & cotton roll

38
Q

What are preventative hazards with cutting instruments?

A

Eye Precautions
◦ Safety glasses for operator, assistant and
patient
Inhalation Precautions
◦ Rubber dam, disposable masks
Ear Precautions (optional)
◦ Ear plugs, sound absorbing materials used on
walls and floors
Rotary Instruments: Handpieces

39
Q

What is the modified pen grasp?

A

◦ Palm away from operator
◦ 3rd and 4th fingers rest on nearby
tooth
◦ Greatest sense of touch
Sturdevant’s et al.

40
Q

What is the inverted pen grasp?

A

◦ Palm toward operator
◦ Used mostly for tooth
preparation from lingual
- Usually on anterior teeth

41
Q

What is the palm and thumb grasp?

A

◦ Similar to holding a knife while pairing
an apple
◦ Power grasp
◦ Thumb rests on a nearby tooth to
operating site

42
Q

What is the Modified Palm-and-Thumb Grasp?

A

◦ Power plus delicacy
◦ Rest thumb on same tooth that is being prepared or the adjacent tooth

43
Q

What do dull instruments result in?

A

◦ More pressure needed
◦ More pain
◦ Less control
◦ Takes longer
◦ Reduces quality

44
Q

What are ways that hand instruments can be sharpened?

A

Stationary stones
Mechanical sharpeners
Handpiece sharpening stones

45
Q

What are basic principles for sharpening hand instruments?

A

◦ Clean and sterilize instruments
◦ Position blade
◦ Use light pressure
◦ Use a rest or guide
◦ Remove as little metal as possible
◦ Lightly hone unbeveled side
◦ Re-sterilize

46
Q

What is sterilization?

A

A process by which all forms of microbial life including
bacteria, viruses, spores and fungi are completely
destroyed

47
Q

What are 4 acceptable methods of sterilization?

A

◦ Autoclave
◦ Dry heat
◦ Chemiclave
◦ Ethylene oxide

48
Q

What is autoclaving sterilization?

A

◦ Uses steam under pressure
◦ 250 °F, 15 PSI, 20 mins*
◦ Shelves for cassettes

49
Q

What is dry heat sterilization?

A

◦ Oven-type sterilizer
◦ 320 °F, 60 to 120 mins*
*Follow manufacturer’s guideline

50
Q

What is chemiclaving sterilization?

A

◦ Chemical vapor pressure
◦ Uses chemical solution in a pressurized chamber
◦ 270 °F, 20 to 40 PSI, 20 mins*
◦ Proper ventilation must be installed

51
Q

What is ethylene oxide sterilization?

A

◦ Several hours, below 100°C *
◦ Proper ventilation must be installed

52
Q
A

D1 Spring - Operative Dentistry I (12 decks)

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