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D1 Spring - Operative Dentistry I > 2/1: Intro to Biomaterials-Amalgam & Class I and Class V Restoration > Flashcards

2/1: Intro to Biomaterials-Amalgam & Class I and Class V Restoration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 major classes of dental materials?

A
  1. Metals and alloys
  2. Porcelains and ceramics
  3. Polymers
  4. Composites
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2
Q

What are the two different types of polymers?

A

Elastomer (impression materials)
Plastics (denture base, sealants)

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3
Q

What are composites?

A

Polymers with fillers

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4
Q

How many specifications for dental materials, instruments, and equipment?

A

More than 10

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5
Q

What are restorative material specifications: related to material properties that should reflect clinical function?

A

In vitro (in glass)- tested in lab
In vivo (in the living beaing)
*Exploration of in vitro data to in vivo conditions should be done with caution

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6
Q

What two things does the food and drug administration focus on?

A

Safety, efficacy

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7
Q

What is the FDA’s goal?

A

Protect the public from hazardous or ineffective medical materials and devices

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8
Q

What class has the lowest risk?

A

Class I

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9
Q

What class has the highest risk?

A

Class III

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10
Q

Performance of all dental materials depends on ________

A

Atomic structure

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11
Q

What does atomic structure determine?

A

Mechanical and physical properties of materials

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12
Q

What are the two types of interatomic bonds?

A

Primary and secondary

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13
Q

What are primary interatomic bonds?

A

Ionic, covalent, metallic

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14
Q

What are secondary bonds?

A

Hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces

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15
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A

Electrostatic attraction of positive and negative charges

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16
Q

What do ionic bonds involve?

A

Electron transfer between ions (one becomes positive, one becomes negative ex: NaF)

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17
Q

What are properties of ionic bonds?

A

Non-directional, strong bonds
100-200kcal/mole
No free electrons, good thermal and electrical insulators

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18
Q

what are examples of ionic bonds?

A

Ceramics, gypsum

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19
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A

2 atoms share an electron

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20
Q

What are properties of covalent bonds?

A

Directional bonds
50-100kcal/mole
Low electrical and thermal conductivity
Water insoluble

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21
Q

What are examples of covalent bonds?

A

Water, glass, polymers, composite

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22
Q

What are metallic bonds?

A

Cluster of positive metal ions surrounded by a gas of electrons

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23
Q

What are properties of metallic bonds?

A
  • non directional bonds (100 kcal/mole)
  • high electrical and thermal conductivity
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24
Q

What are examples of metallic bonds?

A

Amalgam and gold alloys

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25
What are biological classifications of material properties?
The biological response to a material when in contact with the human body
26
What is an example of a biological material?
Gingivitis from plaque
27
What is the surface classification of material properties?
The unique properties of a material associated with its surface
28
What is an example of a surface material?
Denture retention, adhesive bonding
29
What is the physical classification of material properties?
Depend on the type of atoms and the bonding present in material
30
What has NO EFFECT on physical classification of material properties?
Size or shape
31
What classification is structure insensitive?
Physical
32
What is an example of a physical classification of material property?
Optic (color, glass), thermal (conductive)
33
What is the mechanical classification of material properties?
Reaction of a material to the application of an external force
33
What AFFECT mechanical properties?
Size and shape of specimen
34
What material property is structure sensitive?
Mechanical classification
35
What is an applied force referred to?
Load
36
When load (force) applied to material, ______ develops in response
Stress
37
What is stress?
Load per unit area measured in psi, MPa, kg/cm^2
38
What is fracture strength?
how much stress a material can withstand before it breaks
39
How is type of strength measured dependent on?
Type of force applied
40
What are the 5 types of force?
Compressive - pushing Tensile - puling shear - sliding Torsion - twisting Flexure - bending
41
What is the highest strength measure for most materials?
Compressive strength
42
What is compressive strength?
Measure of the stress necessary to fracture a material by 2 opposing forces directed toward each other
43
What pushes atoms and structure closer?
Compression - usually require higher loads to cause failure
44
What is tensile strength?
Pulling force
45
What is the lowest strength for most materials?
Tensile strength
46
What does tensile strength measure?
the stress necessary to fracture a material by 2 opposing forces directed away from each other
47
What pulls atoms and structures apart?
Tension - failure occurs at lower loads
48
What is shear strength?
Sliding force
49
What is an intermediate strength between compressive and tensile?
Shear strength
50
What is shear strength?
Stress necessary to rupture a material by 2 opposing parallel forces directed toward each other but not in the same plane
51
What is a clincial situation with shear force/shear strength?
Implant-bone interface
52
What is torsion strength?
Twisting force
53
What is torsion strength not relevant to?
Direct or indirect dental restorations
54
What torsion tool is used to place dental implants?
Torque wrench (torsion)
55
What is torsion a test of in the clinical setting?
experimental dental implant-bone interface stability/strength of osseointegration
56
What is torsional fatigue?
Endodontic rotary files
57
What is flexural strength?
Bending force
58
What is flexural strength a measure of?
Stress to cause failure in bending
59
What does the 3-point bend test measure?
Compressive load Combination of compression and tensile stress
60
What is flexural strength vital due to?
Occlusal load - on direct restorations (amalgam and composite) - also indirect/removable/etc (everything that gets chewed on)
60
What are the two types of dental stress?
Protrusive movement Posterior occlusion
60
What is protrusive movement?
Anterior teeth Flexure load on incisors
61
What is posterior occlusion?
Chewing = compressive load At marginal ridge contact areas At fossa areas
62
What is occlusal stress equal to?
Occlusal load (Force)/occlusal contact area
63
What do tripodized occlusal contacts allow for?
Distribution of occlusal load across maximum area = minimized stress
64
What does premature contact result in?
Decreased AREA - patient's occlusal force stays the same BUT occlusal stress is INCREASED
65
What can premature contact result in?
Potential restoration failure Potential pain/discomfort for patient on biting
66
What is strain?
The DEFORMATION that occurs in a material when force is applied to the material
67
What is strain equal to?
change in length (deformation)/unit original length
68
_____ and ______ are interrelated?
Stress & strain - if you have one, you will have the other
69
On a stress strain diagram, what is elastic strain?
Temporary distortion of material by applied force
70
In elastic strain, strain is _______ the elastic limit
Below - when force is removed, materials reverts to original form ex: rubber band
71
What is plastic strain?
PERMANENT distortion of a material
72
In plastic strain, strain is _______ the elastic limit
BEYOND - elastic portion of strain recovered - plastic portion of strain NOT recovered
73
In plastic strain, when force is removed, shape is ________
Remains changed ex: bending a paper clip

D1 Spring - Operative Dentistry I (12 decks)

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