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Question 1

what is cannulation?

Answer 1

IT IS A TECHNIQUE WHERE CANNULA IS INSERTED/PLACED INSIDE THE VEIN TO PROVIDE VENOUS ACCESS

Question 2

what is the aim of iv cannulation?

Answer 2

SAFE AND EFFECTIVE DELIVERY OF TRETAMENT WITHOUT DISCOMFORT OR VEIN DAMAGE, WITHOUT COMPRIMISING THE VENOUS ACCES ESP IF IT IS LONG TERM THERAPY

Question 3

cannulation is for

Answer 3

OBTAINING BLOOD SAMPLES
ADMINISTERING MEDS, FLUIDS, PARENTERAL NUTRITION, BLOOD PRODUCTS
BLOOD DONATIONG AND DIALYSIS

Question 4

parts of the cannula:

Answer 4

LUER LOCK, FLASHBACK CHAMBER, LUER CONNECTOR, INJECTION PORT OR CAP, BUSHING, CATHETER WINGS, CATHETER, NEEDLE

Question 5

sizes, color, purpose of cannula:

Answer 5

G16 GRAY : SURGERY OR ICU
G18 GREEN : ADMINISTERING BLOOD, PUSHING FLUIDS
G20 PINK : PTS W SMALLELR VEINS
G22 BLUE : SMALL, NOT CRITICALLY ILL, DOES NOT NEED IV FOR THAT LONG
G24 YELLOW : PEDIA, LAST RESORT FOR PTS

BUTTERFLY CANNULA : VENIPUNCTURE, PHLEBOTOMY

Question 6

what are the advantages of cannulation?

Answer 6

IMMEDIATE EFFECT
CONTROL OVER THE RATE OF ADMINISTRATION
PATIENT WHO CANNOT TOLERATE MEDS/FLUIDS ORALLY
SOME DRUGS CANT BE ABSORBED THRU ANY OTHER ROUTE
PAIN OR IRRITATION IS AVOIDED COMPARED TO SC/IM

Question 7

what are the equipments used in iv cannulation?

Answer 7

CANNULA, PLASTER, TOURNIQUET, SPLINT, ALCOHOL SWAB, IV TUBING, HEPARIN SALINE OR DRIP, GLOVES

Question 8

what is the best site for cannulation? what is a good vein?

Answer 8

CEPHALIC VEIN

A GOOD VEIN IS: BOUNCY, SOFT, VISIBLE, EASILY PALPABLE, STRAIGHT, AWAY FROM PREVIOUS SITE/PUNCTURE, NO RASHES OR WOUND, REFILLS WHEN DEPRESSED

Question 9

what are the possible complications of iv cannulation?

Answer 9

IV SITE INFECTION, CELLLULITES, INFILTRATION, THROMBOPHLEBITIS, AIR EMBOLISM, EXTRAVASATION, BRUISING, HAEMATOMA, PHLEBITIS

Question 10

Does not produce much (if any) pus or inflammation at the IV site. This is the most common cannula-related infection, may be the most difficult to identify

Answer 10

IV SITE INFECTION

Question 11

red and often tender skin surrounding the site of cannula insertion; pus is rarely detectable

Answer 11

CELLULITES

Question 12

tissuing occurs when the infusion (fluid) leaks into the surrounding tissue. It is important to detect early as tissue necrosis could occur – re-site cannula immediately

Answer 12

INFILTRATION

Question 13

occur when a small clot becomes detached from the sheath of the cannula or the vessel wall – prevention is the greatest form of defense. Flush cannula regularly and consider re-siting the cannula if in prolonged use.

Answer 13

THROMBOLISM/THROMBOPHLEBITIS

Question 14

the accidental administration of IV drugs into the surrounding tissue, because the needle has punctured the vein and the infusion goes directly into the arm tissue. The leakage of high osmolarity solutions or chemotherapy agents can result in significant tissue destruction, and significant complications

Answer 14

EXTRAVASATION

Question 15

results from failed IV placement - particularly in the elderly and those on anticoagulant therapy

Answer 15

BRUISING

Question 16

when air enters the infusion line, although this is very rare it is best if we consider the preventive measures

Answer 16

AIR EMBOLISM

Question 17

When blood leaks out of the infusion site. The common cause of this is using cannula that are not tapered at the distal end. It will also occur if on insertion the cannula has penetrated through the other side of the vessel wall

Answer 17

HAEMATOMA

Question 18

common in IV therapy and can be cause in many ways. It is inflammation of a vein (redness and pain at the infusion site)

Answer 18

PHLEBITIS

Question 19

veins to avoid:

Answer 19

Thrombosed / sclerosed / fibrosed
Inflamed / bruised
Thin / Fragile
Mobile
Near bony prominences
Areas or sites of infection, oedema or phlebitis
Have undergone multiple previous punctures