Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spring '14-148 (Exam 1) > 2/10/14 Ch.2-Lecture 3 > Flashcards

2/10/14 Ch.2-Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

In the Introduction Section, What does the researcher present?

A

-The rationale or need for research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is considered to be a good introduction?

A
  • Good, Legal, Brief
  • Convincing; persuasive; grounded
  • Demonstrates need for and value of the study
  • Often reveals the “hole” or paucity in the literature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In the Introduction section, how should the technical writing be?

A
  • aim it to convey information efficiently, provide a clear understanding of material
  • simple, precise, and direct
  • Logical with irrelevant material trimmed out
  • Not creative writing: Divergent (if you don’t understand divergent, see slide 6)
  • Convergent, avoids ambiguity
  • Readable
  • Use of abbreviations and styles (use of APA format)
  • Avoid passive voice or personal pronouns
  • use active voice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In the introduction, why must the writing be very clear?

A

because lack of clarity can lead to misinterpretation and revision of submissions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the components of the introduction?

A
  • General statement of the problem
  • Rationale for the investigation
  • Review of the relevant literature
    • Context
    • importance
  • May conclude:
    • Summary of purpose
    • List of research Questions (RQs)
    • Overview of hypothesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is written in the Statement of the problem?

A
  • topic,
  • population
  • what was measured under what conditions
  • lends perspective to the nature of the study and context for the purpose
  • problem forms design of the study
  • problem is associated with a particular focus, goal, or objective of a study
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Purpose of the Purpose?

A
  • How the results may advance knowledge, revise a theory, or modify practice
  • Use citations to support and justify position
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the rationale for the study stem from?

A
  • the general statement of the problem

- present “case” for studying selected aspect of a problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What may rationale support be based on?

A

logical connections of research and evidence, not emotion or false claims or poor reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What kind of different forms may “rationale” take?

A
  • inadequacy of previous research
  • follow up research
  • resolve conflicting results
  • provide empirical data
  • absence of previous research
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When presenting the rationale of the study, what is the argument ?

A
  • a means by which a particular claim or interpretation is rationally justified
  • This is not a nasty or emotionally-charged discussion
  • Persuades the reader of a proposition (claim) by providing reasons (premises) to support it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a study rationale?

A

a set of logical arguments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is anecdotal evidence?

A
  • arguments by example

- Observation is used as a premise. Less trustworthy than study evidence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is one of the lowests forms of evidence?

A

Anecdotal Evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are best used to supplement other forms of verifiable evidence?

A

Arguments by credible authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What kind of argument is it if two or more things are similar in some respects, that they are likely to be similar in another?

A

arguments by analogy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are arguments by induction?

A

The premise only offer support for the proposition

18
Q

What are arguments by deduction?

A

the proposition follows necessarily from the premises (i.e., CP causes dysarthria)

19
Q

What are fallacies?

A

arguments are invalid when the premises are incorrect or unsupported, or when there is an error in logical reasoning

20
Q

What do fallacies appeal to?

A
  • belief
  • emotion
  • popularity
21
Q

Are common/popular beliefs, attitudes, and practice evidence?

A

NO!!!!!

22
Q

What kinds of things are not appropriate for rationale arguments?

A

emotionally volatile words or topics that suggest BIAS according to sex, culture, ethnicity, disorder, or disability are not appropriate for rationale arguments!

23
Q

What does a review of literature do?

A
  • puts research into context or historical perspective

- it explains how the investigation fits into same theme and arguments

24
Q

Is a review of literature a comprehensive summary of past studies?

A

no! it is a critical synthesis of an area of investigation

25
Q

What do we define through a literature review?

A

central terms, constructs, and principles

26
Q

When doing the literature review, what must we absolutely make sure to do?

A

find the literature that supports the arguments!

27
Q

In a literature review, what should your questions relate to and support?

A

-your questions relate to a body of literature that both support and explain the importance of it

28
Q

In a literature review, what must we cite?

A

the relevant work to place the problem in perspective and develop a convincing rationale

29
Q

What are important questions of a critical evaluator when doing a literature review?

A
  1. With each sentence, ask, “So what?”If well constructed, the answer will be in the next sentence.
  2. Ask: “How do you know?” or “why do you think so?” Look for cited evidence or a well-grounded argument.
  3. Have the data been accurately reported?
  4. Were conclusions of previous research criticized fairly? Review should include strengths and weaknesses (this may require that you “look up” original studies)
30
Q

How should we question the citations when doing a literature review?

A
  1. How thorough is the review of literature?
  2. Has the author overlooked recent or seminal work in the literature?
  3. Are the citations relevant to the study
  4. Has the author used primarily original sources?
  5. Are there omissions that might change the rationale?
  6. Again… Check dates: has the author overlooked recent research?
  7. Are citations relevant to the purpose and to the need for the study?
  8. Are there unpublished references? how many?
31
Q

Where are questions that should relate directly to what preceded them often positioned?

A

at the end of the literature review

32
Q

What may research questions be oriented to?

A
  1. providing descriptions
  2. determining differences
  3. establishing relationships
33
Q

What should research questions/hypotheses be like?

A
  • not pulled from thin air

- practical experience, critical appraisal of the scientific literature or interest in an untested theory

34
Q

In terms of research questions and hypotheses what should a researcher have?

A
  1. defined a specific question area
  2. reviewed the relevant literature
  3. examined the question’s potential significance
  4. examined FEASIBILITY of studying the question
35
Q

In terms of a research question, what three characteristics should be evident?

A
  1. it clearly identifies the variables under consideration
  2. it specifies the population being studied
  3. it implies the possibility of empirical testing
36
Q

What are research questions used to do?

A

guide all types of research studies, but most are used in exploratory, descriptive, qualitative, or hypothesis-generating studies

37
Q

What are hypotheses?

A

statements regarding a prediction

38
Q

Where do hypotheses flow from, and what type of sentence may they be?

A
  • flow from research question, literature review, and theoretical framework
  • a declarative statement that predicts an expected outcome
39
Q

What do hypotheses do?

A

explain or predict the relationship or differences between two or more variables in terms of expected results or outcomes of a study

they suggest an answer to the research question

40
Q

When are hypotheses formulated?

A

hypotheses are formulated before the study is actually conducted because they provide direction for the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.

41
Q

What are limitations of the study?

A

acknowledgements by author of research limits (usually included at the end of the publication)

42
Q

What are some examples of limitations of a study?

A
  • reduced control over subjects
  • controls that limit application
  • sample size
  • convenience sample (versus a randomized sample)
  • Best to acknowledge all/most pertinent limitations

Spring '14-148 (Exam 1) (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions