2-1 Vocabulary Flashcards
A signaling molecule produced by glands. A hormone induces a specific effect on the activity of cells.
Hormone
The part of the nervous system which, in vertebrates, consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and which supervises and coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system
Central Nervous System (CNS)
The part of the nervous system that is outside the central nervous system and comprises the cranial nerves excepting the optic nerve, the spinal nerves, and the autonomic nervous system
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The largest part of the brain, initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature
Cerebrum
A division of a body organ (as the brain, lungs, or liver) marked off by a fissure on the surface
Lobe
A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe.
Cerebellum
The part of the brain that is composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata and connecting the spinal cord with the forebrain and cerebrum.
Brainstem
A convoluted ridge between anatomical grooves.
Gyrus
A shallow furrow on the surface of the brain separating adjacent gyri
Salcus
The central part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and is the main structural component of gray matter.
Cell Body
Any of the usually branching protoplasmic processes that conduct impulses towards the cell body of a neuron.
Dendrites
A semi-permeable membrane made of phospholipids that surrounds the cytoplasm of cells; found in all cell types.
Cell Membrane
The organelle found in all eukaryotic cells that contains all of the chromosomal DNA of the cell.
Nucleus
The cell that produces the myelin sheath.
Schwann Cell
The endings of axons; the location where axons make contact with other nerve or effector cells
Axon Terminals
A long nerve cell process that usually conducts impulses away from the cell body
Axon
In a neuron, an insulating coat of cell membrane from Schwann cells that is interrupted by nodes of Ranvier.
Myelin Sheath
The gap in the myelin sheath of nerve cells found between neighboring Schwann cells.
Nodes of Ranvier
The place at which a nervous impulse passes from one neuron to another.
Synapse
A substance (as norepinephrine or acetylcholine) that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse
Neurotransmitter
The maintenance of stable internal physiological conditions (like body temperature or the pH of blood), which enables the optimal functioning of an organism
Homeostasis
A non-human organism that scientists extensively study to gain understanding into biological processes.
Model Organism
An action performed in response to a stimulus
Reaction
An automatic and often inborn response to a stimulus that involves a nerve impulse passing inward from a receptor to the spinal cord and thence outward to an effector (as a muscle or gland) without reaching the level of consciousness and often without passing to the brain
Reflex
A brief electrical impulse that travels along the axon of a neuron.
Action Potential
