2-1 Vocabulary

Question 1

A signaling molecule produced by glands. A hormone induces a specific effect on the activity of cells.

Answer 1

Hormone

Question 2

The part of the nervous system which, in vertebrates, consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and which supervises and coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system

Answer 2

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 3

The part of the nervous system that is outside the central nervous system and comprises the cranial nerves excepting the optic nerve, the spinal nerves, and the autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 4

The largest part of the brain, initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature

Answer 4

Cerebrum

Question 5

A division of a body organ (as the brain, lungs, or liver) marked off by a fissure on the surface

Answer 5

Lobe

Question 6

A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe.

Answer 6

Cerebellum

Question 7

The part of the brain that is composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata and connecting the spinal cord with the forebrain and cerebrum.

Answer 7

Brainstem

Question 8

A convoluted ridge between anatomical grooves.

Answer 8

Gyrus

Question 9

A shallow furrow on the surface of the brain separating adjacent gyri

Answer 9

Salcus

Question 10

The central part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and is the main structural component of gray matter.

Answer 10

Cell Body

Question 11

Any of the usually branching protoplasmic processes that conduct impulses towards the cell body of a neuron.

Answer 11

Dendrites

Question 12

A semi-permeable membrane made of phospholipids that surrounds the cytoplasm of cells; found in all cell types.

Answer 12

Cell Membrane

Question 13

The organelle found in all eukaryotic cells that contains all of the chromosomal DNA of the cell.

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

The cell that produces the myelin sheath.

Answer 14

Schwann Cell

Question 15

The endings of axons; the location where axons make contact with other nerve or effector cells

Answer 15

Axon Terminals

Question 16

A long nerve cell process that usually conducts impulses away from the cell body

Answer 16

Axon

Question 17

In a neuron, an insulating coat of cell membrane from Schwann cells that is interrupted by nodes of Ranvier.

Answer 17

Myelin Sheath

Question 18

The gap in the myelin sheath of nerve cells found between neighboring Schwann cells.

Answer 18

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 19

The place at which a nervous impulse passes from one neuron to another.

Answer 19

Synapse

Question 20

A substance (as norepinephrine or acetylcholine) that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse

Answer 20

Neurotransmitter

Question 21

The maintenance of stable internal physiological conditions (like body temperature or the pH of blood), which enables the optimal functioning of an organism

Answer 21

Homeostasis

Question 22

A non-human organism that scientists extensively study to gain understanding into biological processes.

Answer 22

Model Organism

Question 23

An action performed in response to a stimulus

Answer 23

Reaction

Question 24

An automatic and often inborn response to a stimulus that involves a nerve impulse passing inward from a receptor to the spinal cord and thence outward to an effector (as a muscle or gland) without reaching the level of consciousness and often without passing to the brain

Answer 24

Reflex

Question 25

A brief electrical impulse that travels along the axon of a neuron.

Answer 25

Action Potential