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Microbiology > 1st year > Flashcards

1st year Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is LPS?

A

lipopolysachharied

bacterial toxin from outer membrane layer of a gram negative bacteria

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2
Q

what is Kochs Postulate bacteria?

A

microorganisms that are present in every case of the disease and absent in health

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3
Q

what are Strep?

A

gram negative
cocci
facultative

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4
Q

what are S.mutans the leading cause of and how do they achieve this?

A

dental caries
bind to tooth surface and produce extracellular polysacharides
acidogenic and aciduirc

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5
Q

what are Strep Sanguinis commonly?

A

a tether for other bacteria

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6
Q

what are Lactobacilli? and what can they do?

A 
numbers in saliva correlate with levels of arbohydrates
facultative
acidogenic and duric
produce lactic acid from glucose
cause dentine caries
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7
Q

what do actinomyces commonly cause?

A

root surface caries

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8
Q

what are the conditions like in a perio pocket?

A

anaerobic, nutrients from saliva/gcf

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9
Q

why are P.G dark surfaced?

A

iron scavenging molecules

use haem as their external iron source

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10
Q

where do P.G obtain their energy from?

A

Obtain energy from amino acids/peptides

produces proteases to access them

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11
Q

what is P.g optimum growth conditions?

A

pH 7.5, low O2, haemaglobin

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12
Q

what is the funciton of the fimbrae present in PG?

A

adhere to HA beads and epithelium cells

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13
Q

what do PG produce to evade the host response?

A

gingipains

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14
Q

what are the function of the membrane vesicles of PG?

A

penetrate perio tissues
LPS
bind to Chx

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15
Q

how does PG affect the immune response?

A

degarde antibodies, complement and inactivates cytokines

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16
Q

what are some features of PI?

A

dark/purple
saccharolytic
present in sulcus and pocket

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17
Q

what are some features of TForsythia?

A

sacchorlytic
produce Bspa - induces bone resorption
proteases produced

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18
Q

what are some interactions of TF?

A
  • attach to PG to attach to ep cells

- attach to FN to give mixed films

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19
Q

what are some features of T denticola?

A

proteolytic activity

hydrolytic enzymes

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20
Q

what can F nucleatum form?

A

fuso spirochaetal complexes

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21
Q

what is fount in gingival health?

A

strep sanguinis and strep oralis

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22
Q

what is found in NUG?

A

Treponema vincentii
fusobacterium nucleatum
prevotella intermedia

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23
Q

what is found in LAP?

A

A.a

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24
Q

what is found in GAP?

A

Porphyromonas gingivalis

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25
Q

what is found in chronic perio?

A

p gingivalis
fuso nucleatum
p intermedia

26
Q

where does LJP occur?

A

1st perm molars and incisors

27
Q

what is found in the purple complex?

A

actinomyces

28
Q

what is found in the yellow complex?

A

s sanguinis oralis mitis

29
Q

what is found in the green complex?

A

A.a

30
Q

what is found in the orange complex?

A

p intermedia

f nucleatum

31
Q

what is found in the red complex?

A

p gingivalis
bacteriode forsythus
treponema denticola

32
Q

what is plaque?

A

a bioflim

33
Q

what are some features of a biofilm?

A

3D structure
increases habitat range
bacteria cells exist in an extracellular matrix

34
Q

what is the organic component of plaque?

A

makes up 30% of biofilm
host and bacteria properties
proteins form the gcf

35
Q

what is the acquired pellicle?

A

less than 1 micrometre thick
forms after brushing
PRPs, statherin, lysosyme, IgG, amylase, albumin

36
Q

in what ways can bacteria form attachments?

A

adhesions
fimbrae
extracellular polymers

37
Q

what is the way in which composition of the pellicle changes?

A

initially gm-ve/gm+ve
24 hours - strep predominates - S sanguinis
over week - increase gm -ve

38
Q

types of bacterial adhesion?

A

cell substratum
homotypic
heterotypic

39
Q

what are types of heterotypic adhesion?

A

corn cob

test tube brush

40
Q

how does calculus form?

A

calcium and phosphate ions

form in 72 hours

41
Q

what are viruses?

A

small non cellular micorbes

42
Q

what is candida albicans?

A

spherical/oval budding yeasts

form around thick walled resting structures

43
Q

what is pseudomembranous candidiasis?

A

mucosal infection
white pseudomembrane
easily removed

44
Q

what is erythematous candidiasis casued by?

A

denture wearing pts
prolonged drug therapy
persistent pmc

45
Q

what is antibiotic sore mouth?

A

suppression of normal oral flora and candida overgrowth
broad spec antibiotics
mucosa is inflammed and atropthic and thin

46
Q

what is bacteriostatic?

A

inhibits bacterial growth

47
Q

what is bacteriocidal?

A

kills bacteria

48
Q

what is penicillin?

A

a beta lactam

narrow spec

49
Q

what is amoxicillin?

A

beta lactam

extended spec

50
Q

what is flucoxacillin?

A

beta lactam

resistant to staph beta lactamases

51
Q

how does penicillin work?

A

resembles d alanine d alanine dipeptide bond and irriverisbly binds PBP

52
Q

what antibiotics target the cell wall?

A

penicillins

glycopeptides

53
Q

what is Tetracycline?

A

transported into cell and binds to 30S preventing tRNA attachment and stops chain elongation
broad spec
perio
secondary skin conditions

54
Q

what is clindamycin?

A

binds to 50S and prevents peptide bond synthesis
gm +ve aerobes and anaerobes
causes c diff
used for staph infections

55
Q

what is erythromycin?

A

binds to 50S and blocks first translocation step
gm +ve
alternate for penicillin allergy

56
Q

what is metronidazole?

A

against anaerobes and gm -ve and parasites
reduced to be activated
forms toxic intermediate and dna strand breaks

57
Q

what is a toxoid?

A

toxin rendered non toxic and keeps antigenicity

58
Q

what is a subunit?

A

small portion of microbe used to stimulate and immune reponse but not enough to stimulate an infection

59
Q

what is inactivated?

A

microbe denatured

no loss of antigenicity

60
Q

what is live attenuated?

A

microbe with reduced pathogenicity

stimulates a response but not disease

Microbiology (5 decks)

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