1st year Flashcards by Grace Dillett

what is LPS?

lipopolysachharied

bacterial toxin from outer membrane layer of a gram negative bacteria

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what is Kochs Postulate bacteria?

microorganisms that are present in every case of the disease and absent in health

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what are Strep?

gram negative
cocci
facultative

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what are S.mutans the leading cause of and how do they achieve this?

dental caries
bind to tooth surface and produce extracellular polysacharides
acidogenic and aciduirc

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what are Strep Sanguinis commonly?

a tether for other bacteria

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what are Lactobacilli? and what can they do?

numbers in saliva correlate with levels of arbohydrates
facultative
acidogenic and duric
produce lactic acid from glucose
cause dentine caries

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what do actinomyces commonly cause?

root surface caries

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what are the conditions like in a perio pocket?

anaerobic, nutrients from saliva/gcf

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why are P.G dark surfaced?

iron scavenging molecules

use haem as their external iron source

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where do P.G obtain their energy from?

Obtain energy from amino acids/peptides

produces proteases to access them

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what is P.g optimum growth conditions?

pH 7.5, low O2, haemaglobin

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what is the funciton of the fimbrae present in PG?

adhere to HA beads and epithelium cells

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what do PG produce to evade the host response?

gingipains

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what are the function of the membrane vesicles of PG?

penetrate perio tissues
LPS
bind to Chx

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how does PG affect the immune response?

degarde antibodies, complement and inactivates cytokines

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what are some features of PI?

dark/purple
saccharolytic
present in sulcus and pocket

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what are some features of TForsythia?

sacchorlytic
produce Bspa - induces bone resorption
proteases produced

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what are some interactions of TF?

attach to PG to attach to ep cells

- attach to FN to give mixed films

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what are some features of T denticola?

proteolytic activity

hydrolytic enzymes

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what can F nucleatum form?

fuso spirochaetal complexes

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what is fount in gingival health?

strep sanguinis and strep oralis

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what is found in NUG?

Treponema vincentii
fusobacterium nucleatum
prevotella intermedia

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what is found in LAP?

A.a

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what is found in GAP?

Porphyromonas gingivalis

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what is found in chronic perio?

p gingivalis fuso nucleatum p intermedia

where does LJP occur?

1st perm molars and incisors

what is found in the purple complex?

actinomyces

what is found in the yellow complex?

s sanguinis oralis mitis

what is found in the green complex?

A.a

what is found in the orange complex?

p intermedia | f nucleatum

what is found in the red complex?

p gingivalis bacteriode forsythus treponema denticola

what is plaque?

a bioflim

what are some features of a biofilm?

3D structure increases habitat range bacteria cells exist in an extracellular matrix

what is the organic component of plaque?

makes up 30% of biofilm host and bacteria properties proteins form the gcf

what is the acquired pellicle?

less than 1 micrometre thick forms after brushing PRPs, statherin, lysosyme, IgG, amylase, albumin

in what ways can bacteria form attachments?

adhesions fimbrae extracellular polymers

what is the way in which composition of the pellicle changes?

initially gm-ve/gm+ve 24 hours - strep predominates - S sanguinis over week - increase gm -ve

types of bacterial adhesion?

cell substratum homotypic heterotypic

what are types of heterotypic adhesion?

corn cob | test tube brush

how does calculus form?

calcium and phosphate ions | form in 72 hours

what are viruses?

small non cellular micorbes

what is candida albicans?

spherical/oval budding yeasts | form around thick walled resting structures

what is pseudomembranous candidiasis?

mucosal infection white pseudomembrane easily removed

what is erythematous candidiasis casued by?

denture wearing pts prolonged drug therapy persistent pmc

what is antibiotic sore mouth?

suppression of normal oral flora and candida overgrowth broad spec antibiotics mucosa is inflammed and atropthic and thin

what is bacteriostatic?

inhibits bacterial growth

what is bacteriocidal?

kills bacteria

what is penicillin?

a beta lactam | narrow spec

what is amoxicillin?

beta lactam | extended spec

what is flucoxacillin?

beta lactam | resistant to staph beta lactamases

how does penicillin work?

resembles d alanine d alanine dipeptide bond and irriverisbly binds PBP

what antibiotics target the cell wall?

penicillins | glycopeptides

what is Tetracycline?

transported into cell and binds to 30S preventing tRNA attachment and stops chain elongation broad spec perio secondary skin conditions

what is clindamycin?

binds to 50S and prevents peptide bond synthesis gm +ve aerobes and anaerobes causes c diff used for staph infections

what is erythromycin?

binds to 50S and blocks first translocation step gm +ve alternate for penicillin allergy

what is metronidazole?

against anaerobes and gm -ve and parasites reduced to be activated forms toxic intermediate and dna strand breaks

what is a toxoid?

toxin rendered non toxic and keeps antigenicity

what is a subunit?

small portion of microbe used to stimulate and immune reponse but not enough to stimulate an infection

what is inactivated?

microbe denatured | no loss of antigenicity

what is live attenuated?

microbe with reduced pathogenicity | stimulates a response but not disease