1st week 3 (second topic, third lecture)

Question 1

The zebrafish: Danio rerio advantages

• similarity with humans, more precisly?
• another charachteristics that is more than in flies or worms?

Answer 1

It’s vertebrate!

Behaviour

Question 2

Name advantages:

Answer 2

Orger & de Polavieja (2017)

Question 3

When is it possible to see zebrafish gene circuity developing, even gene expression? Why

Answer 3

Transparent embryo

Question 4

Zebrafish takes X hours to develop from egg to an adult.

Lives X months.

Answer 4

72h

3 months

Question 5

Is live brain imaging possible with zebrafish?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

mutation in cntnap2a is related to what disease?

Causes what in zebrafish?

Answer 6

Autism

Hyperactivity (night time activity)

Hoffman et al. 2016

Question 8

Biran & Levkowitz (2016) tested psychoactive compunds and found a suppressor for hyperactivism (vaused by cntnap2a).

What is the suppressor?

Answer 8

Estrogenic phenotypic suppressors were able to suppress hyperactivity.

Question 9

Mus musculus?

Is a … with social ….

x% of it’s genes are homologus to human

Answer 9

Mouse

Is a mammal with social behaviour.

90%

Question 10

loss of xxxxx pathway

degenerative loss of xxxx neurons in the SNpc

(xxx xxxx xxx compacta)

Answer 10

loss of nigrostriatal pathway

degenerative loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc

(substantia nigra pars compacta)

Question 11

What condition typically follows:

What is the effect of dopamine not reaching striatum?

Answer 11

D1 and D2 affected, Gpi/SNr not inhibited, messages don’t get to thalamus

Question 12

Kravitz et al 2010

Studied voluntary movement what did they do to adenovirus?

What does that do?

Answer 12

Modified with channelrhopsin ChR2-YFP

Channelropsin is a protein that can be activated by light pulse –> over activation of a neuron.

Question 13

What is optogenic activation?

Answer 13

Switching neurons on/off by light (for example D1 or D2 neurons in striatum)

Question 14

What does tyrosine hydrolaxe do?

Answer 14

Enzyme leading to dopamine production

Question 15

What does 6-OHDA do?

What can it be used for?

Answer 15

It is antagonist of dopamine.

Used to create Parkinson’s model in mice.

Question 16

What happens in the basal ganglia of mice that are given 6-OHDA and ChR2 affecting either D1 or D2 pathway (with light cables into the brain)

What can be shown about D1 and D2 pathways

Answer 16

6-OHDA (dopamin antagonist) blocked the effect of dopamin –> PD model

ChR2 possible to activate with laser (light pulse). When D1 activated mice ran.

When D2 activated mice stopped.

Shows that D1 activation can overcome Parkinsonian phenotype.

Friend&Kravits 2014