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PMLS1 Finals 1st Sem > 1st Week > Flashcards

1st Week Flashcards

1
Q

Routine clinical lab examinations in microbiology

A
  1. Culture and sensitivity of clinical samples
  2. Acid fast stain
  3. Gram’s stain
  4. environmental sample analysis
  5. Water analysis
  6. food bacteriology
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2
Q

pinapatubo uung microorganisms, hoping you will isolate the causative agent of the disease.

A

Culture

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3
Q

yung nagcacause ng uti or diarrhea, pinapatubo tong mga microorganisms na ito sa artificial medium called

A

culture media.

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4
Q

Culture is placed in

A

Petri dish

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5
Q

Most common culture

A

Bacterial and fungal culture

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6
Q

Rare culture

A

Viral culture

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7
Q

Where is viral culture found?

A

Special lab

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8
Q

= paraan na pag naisolate yung bacteria causing the diseas

A

Sensitivity

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9
Q

Para malaman kung san pwedeng mamatay ung bacteria na naisolate na probable causative agent ng disease ng patient.

A

Sensitivity

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10
Q

*bahala na yung doctor sa pagpili ng panel of antibodies na tinest. Pero yung pipiliin nila yung ——— sa clinical sample.

A

Pinakasensitive

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11
Q

Samples in microbiology

A

ihi, dugo, stool, CSF, body Fluids, scutum , tissues

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12
Q

Scutum

A

Plema

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13
Q

find the cause.
Is it Bacteria?

A

Culture

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14
Q

What medicine should
the doctor prescribe .

A

Sensitivity

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15
Q

Pag may tumubo na culture , kelangan gawan ng sensitivity.
Pag Walang tumubo

A

ibig sabihin, before the collection of sample,
the patient took antibiotics. ibig sabihin effective gamot niya kaya walang tumubong bacteria sa culture.

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16
Q

detects organism called acid fast bacteria

A

Acid fast stain

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17
Q

bacteria that is not affected by acid.

A

Acid fast bacteria

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18
Q

Detects if someone has TB

A

acid fast bacteria

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19
Q

Causes tuberculosis

A

Microbacterium tuberculosis

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20
Q

How long is the medication for TB

A

6 months

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21
Q

Most common tb

A

PTB or pulmonary tuberculosis

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22
Q

Sample for TB

A

Scutum

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23
Q

Sample in acid fast stain

A

Scutum?

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24
Q

unang nag devise ng method of staining for bacteria.

A

Hans christian gram

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25
Q

= one of basic ways of getting bacteria.

A

Gram stain

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26
Q

Gram positive:

A

Reacts to crystal violet or color violet

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27
Q

Gram negative:

A

Reacts to red na stain

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28
Q

Positive and negative ——-states what antibiotic should be given.

A

Gram stain

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29
Q

= done to monitor bacterial load of an area.

A

Environmental sample analysis

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30
Q

patient is contaminated due to high bacterial load of the area they are in.

A

Post operative infection

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31
Q

Water analysis is primarily

A

bacteriological water analysis

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32
Q

for coatability of water

A

Water analysis

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33
Q

to bottle water and filter water

A

Water analysis

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34
Q

For investigation of food poisoning

A

Food bacteriology

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35
Q

Nbacteria cannot be grown by isolation

A

FALSE

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36
Q

—> By appropriate procedures, they have to be grown separately (isolated) on culture media and obtained as pure for study.

A

Bacteria

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37
Q

bacteria have to be for them to be identified.

A

grown (cultured)

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38
Q

= unang ginamit na culture medium is meat broth or urine.

A

Louis pasteur

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39
Q

Culture medium ni louis pasteur

A

Meat broth or urine

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40
Q

2 type of medium

A

Solid and liquid medium

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41
Q

Diffuses growth

A

Liquid medim

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42
Q

Earliest liquid medium

A

: cooked potato

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43
Q

Cooked potato as medium

A

Robert fohc

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44
Q

Used gelatin as medium

A

Robert pox

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45
Q

—— used agar as suggested by ——- para ——-yung culture medium

A

Robert fohc also used agar as suggested by Frau Hesse para magsolidify yung culture medium.

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46
Q

= solidifying agent in culture medium

A

Agar

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47
Q

Agar is from

A

from seaweed extract

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48
Q

used gelatin but it failed because

A

gelatin gets eaten by bacteria -> gets liquified . ( kaya di maiisolate bacteria kase malulusaw na kaya epic fail to.

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49
Q

Why is agar not eaten by bacteria

A

It has no nutritive value

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50
Q

AGAR usually —ang concentration in which we use in culture medium to solidify medium.

A

2%

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51
Q

Agar has a characteristic that will melt at —- and solidify and set at —-

A
  1. 42Celcius
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52
Q

Kung ano shape ng petri dish yun din itsura ng agar pag tumigas. T OR F

A

True

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53
Q

discrete colony. ( colonies are separated from one another)

A

Solid medium

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54
Q

Earliest solid medim

A

Meat broth

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55
Q

visible collection of millions of bacteria originating from a single bacterial cell.

A

Colony

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56
Q

Culture media type can be based on

A

-> based on consistency, based in contituents or ingredients, based on oxygen requirements

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57
Q

Used para makita itsura ng bacteria pag tumubo. Kasama amoy.

A

Solid medium.

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58
Q

= does not make colony. walang agar.

A

Liquid medium

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59
Q

For enrichment - patuboin or enhance growth ng bacteria.

A

Liquid medium

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60
Q

= soft agar.

A

Semi solid medium

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61
Q

Agar content of semi solid medium

A

is 0.5 to 1.5% only.

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62
Q

Semi solid medium is used for

A

detection in bacteria on whether its motile or not

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63
Q

Why is a bacteria motile

A

Due to having a flagella

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64
Q

= basic components or ingredients so that bacteria will grow

A

Simple medium

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65
Q

Basic components of bacteria

A

protein source, peptone source, milk extract, acelyne, agar

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66
Q

Example of simple medium:

A

nutrient agar or nutrient broth

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67
Q

= have added ingredients to provide special nutrients needed by bacteria particular bacteria inorder to grow

A

Complex medium

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68
Q

from pure chem. Substances with its exact exact composition known.

A

Synthetic or defined medium =

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69
Q

enriched media.

A

Special media

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70
Q

Special media have substances added like ——that are used by bacteria to provide nutritional means especially for the fastidious bacteria

A

Blood, serum,egg

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71
Q

There are substances added like blood ,serum , egg that are used by bacteria to provide nutritional means especially for the fastidious bacteria

A

Special media

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72
Q

fastidious bacteria

A

Maarteng bacteria na hindi tutubo ng basta basta

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73
Q

Example of special media

A

Ex. Sheep’s blood agar = may dugo ng tupa

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74
Q

= mamamatay pag naexpose sa oxygen.
Dapat wlaang oxygen sa environment nila. Kelangan pa sila icultivate in an oxygen free medium, oxygen free environment.

A

Anaerobe

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75
Q

= hindi namamatay sa exposure ng oxygen

A

Aerob

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76
Q

Medium with e. Coli

A

Mac conkey’s medium

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77
Q

TCBS

A

has vibrio cholerae which causes cholera

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78
Q

Causes cholera

A

Vibrio cholerae

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79
Q

= type of culture media used when sampling

A

Swab

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80
Q

Ex. Of swab

A

Vaginal and throat swab

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81
Q

Coating medium used when transporting swab sample

A

Transport medium

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82
Q

What is swab for

A

Para makuha bacteria kung san ka nagswab

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83
Q

= used to grow anaerobic organism

A

Anaerobic media

84
Q

Example of anerobic media

A

Ex. Robert’s culture medium and glycolate medium

85
Q

TSI medium

A

( triple sugar iron agar )

86
Q

= na ginagamit para maidentify kung talaga yung naisolate or nacultivate or tinubo mong bacteria is E. Coli

A

TSI medium

87
Q

biochemical test medium to confirm E. coli

A

TSI medium

88
Q

= test that will identify bacteria

A

TSI medium

89
Q

= methods sa pagtanim or cultivate ng bactera

A

Culture method

90
Q

also known as susceptibility or sensitivity testing

A

Lawn culture

91
Q

study of the molecules, cells, organs and systems

A

Immunology

92
Q

is responsible for the recognition and disposal of non-self substances;

A

Immunology

93
Q

the response and interaction of body components and related interactions and the way the immune system can be eliminated to protect against or treat diseases.

A

Immunology

94
Q

What division is serology

A

Immunology

95
Q

division of immunology that specializes in laboratory detection and measurement of specific antibodies that develop in the blood during a response to exposure to a disease producing antigen.

A

Serology

96
Q

uses serologic methods to determine blood groups and unexpected antibodies in the blood of persons donating or receiving blood.

A

Immunohematology or Blood Banking

97
Q

Blood banking aka

A

Immunohematology

98
Q

Immunohematology or Blood Banking uses ————- methods to determine blood groups and unexpected antibodies in the blood of persons donating or receiving blood.

A

Serologic

99
Q

What does blood banking determine

A

Blood grouo and unexpected antibodies in blood of person donating or receiving blood,

100
Q

= it is an immunogobulin

A

Antibody

101
Q

Globulin

A

A proteim

102
Q

Antibody is found in

A

Blood. Sa serum or liquid portion

103
Q

ginagamit yung liquid portion ng blood para matignan kung nagkaron siya ng ancounter sa isang antigen

A

Serology

104
Q

Ssample in serology

A

Serum

105
Q

Reagent in serology

A

Antigen

106
Q

Pag may buo buo sa serum sample in serology ibig sabihin

A

May antibody an specific for the antigen that was tested

107
Q

= nakikilala ng body naten ang aten at hindi sa aten

A

Immunology

108
Q

Iniinom para di marecognize ng katawan na transplant lang yung asa body niya

A

Immunosuppresant or CYA

109
Q

Principle of immunologic and serologic methods

A

-> agglutination, precipitation, flocculation

110
Q

More sensitive than precipitation.

A

Agglutination

111
Q

marker that there is a corresponding antibody that attach to particular antigen.

A

Agglutination

112
Q

term used to describe the aggregation of particular test antigens.

A

Agglutination

113
Q

= clumping together of insoluble molecules.

A

Agglutination

114
Q

Agglutination is the clumping together of ——-

A

Insoluble molecules

115
Q

2 stages of agglutination

A

2 stages: sensitization and lattice formation

116
Q

physical attachment of antibody molecule to the corresponding antigen.

A

Sensitization

117
Q

Nakikilala niya yung kapareha niyang antigen. Yung antibody nakikita nagaattach yun sa corresponding antigen.

A

Sensitization

118
Q

= pagdikit dikit ng antigen-antibody pairs.

A

Lattice formation

119
Q

= establishment of crosslinks between sensitized particles of attached antigen and antibody.

A

Lattice formation

120
Q

= Involves aggregation of soluble test antigens

A

Precipitation

121
Q

= designed for antibody detection that are based on interaction of soluble antigens with antibodies, producing a precipitate of fine particles that can be seen with the naked eye.

A

Flocculation

122
Q

Flocculation cannot be seen by naked eye

A

FALSE IT CAN BE SEEN BY NAKED EYE 👀

123
Q

nakasuspend yung precipitate or soluble antigens bound with antibodies

A

Flocculation

124
Q

Particles in Flocculation are

A

Suspended

125
Q

Solution

A

Agglutination

126
Q

Supernate

A

Precipitate

127
Q

Tests in serology

A

Widal test, ASO test, RPR,

128
Q

Sample in widal test

A

Typhidot

129
Q

Test to check if patient thypoid

A

Widal test

130
Q

= used to detect anti streptolysin o antibodies in a patient serum in case of streptococcus infection.

A

ASO test

131
Q

Rpr

A

Rapid plasma reagin

132
Q

Used to detect syphilis antibodies in patient serum.

A

Rpr

133
Q

Syphilis antibodies

A

Reagin

134
Q

sexually transmitted disease caused by or its reagent is treponema pallidum.

A

Syphilis

135
Q

Syphilis is caused by or its reagent is

A

treponema pallidum.

136
Q

antibody na nafoform sa serum niya pag naexpose sa treponema pallidum. Treponema pallidum exposure.

A

Reaginic antibodies

137
Q

HIV testing is a test in blood banking

A

False it is in serology

138
Q

= The procedures involved in collecting, storing and
processing blood and the distribution of RBC’s and blood components.

A

Blood banking

139
Q

How much blood in blood bag in one donor

A

450-500ml of blood

140
Q

Anticoagulant in blood bag

A

ACDCPD ( anticoagulant citrate phosphate dextrose solution)

141
Q

Temp. Of ref where blood is stored should be

A

2-8Celcius

142
Q

= kukuhain components ng blood

A

Component preparation

143
Q

academic knowledge and procedures
involving the study of the immunologic responses to blood
components.

A

Immunohematology

144
Q

Reaction pagkatransfuse ng dugo.

A

Immunohematology

145
Q

= The medical practice and techniques
associated with replacement of RBC’s and blood components.

A

Transfusion medicine

146
Q

Kinukuha sa dengua

A

Platelet

147
Q

Sakit na sira rbc

A

Hemolytic anemia

148
Q

Tests in blood banking

A

-> blood typing, compatibility testing, component preparation

149
Q

pinakakilala and most applied in med practice

A

ABO and Rh grouping

150
Q

99% of —- are Rh

A

99% of filipinos are Rh positive

151
Q

Rh negative yung mga dugo ng

A

Caucasian or Indian ang mga Rh negative

152
Q

Location of antigen

A

Red cell

153
Q

according to ——, you will get your blood type.

A

antigen

154
Q

Wala kang antigen a or b

A

= type O positive

155
Q

2 types of blood typing:

A

→ forward and back typing

156
Q

direct cell antigen or frontal
= employs undetermined RBC and known antibody or antisera

A

Forward typing

157
Q

Reagent of forward typing

A

antibody or antisera

158
Q

reagent can be colored ———contained in ———

A

Blue, yellow or white… dropping bottle

159
Q

Yellow reagent

A

Anti b

160
Q

Blue reagent

A

Anti a

161
Q

White reagent

A

Rh reagent

162
Q

Pag may white na reagent

A

Rh positive

163
Q

Pag si red cell nagkaron ng attachment sa specific na antibody, magkakarong ng

A

agglutination

164
Q

= employs undetermined serum and known rbc antigens

A

Back typing

165
Q

Sample in back typing

A

Serum kase d2 antibody

166
Q

Reagent jn back typing

A

Reagent: no antigen, no red cell.

167
Q

includes series of test that will comprise of correct identification of donor and recipient

A

Compatibilty testing

168
Q

2 stage of compatibility testing

A

Screening, test ,test for unexpected antibodies that will cause the transfusion reaction, ( cross matching]

169
Q

pinaka major procedure of compatibility testing

A

Cross matching

170
Q

2 type of cross matching

A

2 types: major and minor

171
Q

Red cell of donor pagsasamahin tas titignan reaction against serum of patient. patient serum donor set.

A

Major cross match

172
Q

paghahaluin donor’s serum and patient’s rbc

A

Minor cross match

173
Q

In cross matching No reaction means.

A

compatible

174
Q

prineprepare natin products from whole blood by mechanical methods especially centrifugation

A

Component preparation

175
Q

prineprepare natin products from whole blood by mechanical methods especially ——-

A

Centrifugation

176
Q

Parang malaking washing machine na malamig.umiikot ng mabilis na iba iba takbo. When you spin blood on different centrifugal force, youll be able to

A

derive fractions or components of blood.

177
Q

Parang malaking washing machine na malamig.umiikot ng mabilis na iba iba takbo. When you spin blood on different centrifugal force, youll be able to derive fractions or components of blood.

A

refrigerated centrifuge.

178
Q

Blood components in component preparation

A

red cell concentrates, platelet concentrates, fresh plasma and cryoprecipitate.

179
Q

Shelf life of whole blood and reason for it

A

21/35 days due to ACDCD

180
Q

Is whole blood refrigerated

A

Yes

181
Q

Is rbc refrigerated

A

Yes

182
Q

Shelf life of rbc

A

42 days

183
Q

Shelf life of platelets

A

5 days

184
Q

Platelets color

A

None. Colorless

185
Q

Is platelet refrigerated

A

No…dapat room temp. with constant agitation to prevent clumping

186
Q

Needs to ba in room temp. with constant agitation to prevent clumping

A

Platelet

187
Q

Is plasma refrigerated

A

No it is frozen

188
Q

Color of cryoprecipitated ahf

A

White

189
Q

Why do we need to agitate platelets constantly

A

To avoid clumping. Madikit kase platelets pag di ginanto magcaclump sila

190
Q

Other tests done in lab

A

-> drug testing, paternity testing, molecular pathology, PCR, IHC ( immunohisto chemistry)

191
Q

Needed in Getting driver’s license

A

Drug testing

192
Q

Drug testing is normally for

A

Shabu and marijuana

193
Q

Confirmatory test in drug testing

A

= GCMS (gas chromatography mass spectronomy).

194
Q

During collection of blood test may ginagamit na ganuto. 5 sheets of paper na kelangan fill upan ng magpapadrugtest para anytime na magcollect siya ng sample inoobserve ng medtech

A

ccf or custody in control form

195
Q

Drug testing can be used in one of several different ways:

A

Medical screening
Legal or Forensic testing ( kinamatay)
Employment Drug testing ( bago ihire)
Sports/Athletic testing

196
Q

Ecstasy. Colored pill or party drug

A

Amphetamine

197
Q

Med sa may epilepsy

A

Barbiturates

198
Q

Sleeping pill

A

Benzodiazepines

199
Q

Drug for rich kids

A

Cocaine

200
Q

Drug in Cough syrup

A

Opiates

201
Q

= dapat every 4 hours lang yng jba nagooverdose
Pag above therapuatic levels na it couod be fatal

A

Aspirin

202
Q

= determine wether a particular man is the biological father of a particular chikd

A

Paternity testing

203
Q

combines histological, immunological and biochemical technique for identification of specific tissue components by means of specific antigens-antibody reaction tagged with a visible label

A

Immunohistochemistry

204
Q

Sample in Immunohistochemistry

A

Tissue.

205
Q

antigen antibody reaction galing dito

A

Tissue

206
Q

Immunohistochemistry is detected through

A

Chemical

207
Q

pwede malocate yung cancer cell, gene that causes illness of patient, abnormal protein.

A

Immunohistochemistry

PMLS1 Finals 1st Sem (4 decks)

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