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Science 1st Semester > 1st Semester Exam > Flashcards

1st Semester Exam Flashcards

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0
Q

Electromagnetic waves can transfer energy without a ___________.

A

Medium

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1
Q

Electromagnetic waves both have _____________ and _____________ properties.

A

Electrical; magnetic

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2
Q

The ___________ is a range of the following waves in order from least energy, lowest frequency, and longest wavelength to most energy, highest frequency, and shortest wavelength: ___________, ___________, ___________, ___________, ___________, ___________, and ___________.

A

Electromagnetic spectrum; radiowave; microwave; infrared waves; visible light; ultraviolet; x-rays; gamma rays.

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3
Q

An electromagnetic wave from the sun travels through space at ___________ because space is a ___________ so all the waves travel at the same ___________.

A

The speed of light; vacuum; speed

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4
Q

___________ reflection occurs when parallel rays of light hit a smooth surface.

A

Regular

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5
Q

___________ reflection occurs when parallel rays of light hit a bumpy surface.

A

Defuse

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6
Q

A white T-shirt will ___________ ___________ light.

A

Reflect; all

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7
Q

A black T-shirt will ___________ ___________ light.

A

Absorb; all

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8
Q

A blue T-shirt will ___________ ___________ light and ___________ ___________ ___________ light.

A

Reflect; blue; absorb; the; other

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9
Q

Light ___________ when it passes from air into water.

A

Slows down

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10
Q

The bending of light when it enters a new medium.

A

Refraction

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11
Q

A wave speed through a substance is determined by the ___________.

A

Temperature, density, and compressibility (physical properties).

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12
Q

Sounds travel the fastest through ___________ and slowest through ___________.

A

Solids; gases

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13
Q

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.

A

Temperature

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14
Q

The total energy of all the particles in a substance.

A

Thermal energy

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15
Q

The movement of thermal energy from a warm object to a cool object.

A

Heat

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16
Q

Heat transfer from one particle of matter to another within an object or between two objects touching.

A

Conduction

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17
Q

The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.

A

Radiation

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18
Q

Cells obtain energy by breaking bonds, which releases ___________ energy.

A

Chemical

19
Q

In a hydroelectric plant, the mechanical energy in moving water is transformed into ___________ energy.

A

Electrical

20
Q

The law of conservation of energy states that when one form of energy is transformed to another, energy is ___________.

A

Neither destroyed nor created during a transformation

21
Q

The Earth’s layer starting from the Earth’s surface to the middle: ___________, ___________, ___________, ___________.

A

Crust; mantle; outer core; inner core

22
Q

The coldest layer is the ___________ and the hottest layer is the ___________.

A

Crust; inner core

23
Q

The layer with the least pressure is the ___________ and the layer with the most pressure is the ___________.

A

Crust; inner core

24
Q

Convection currents of hot rock are in this layer.

A

Mantle

25
Q

What are the three types of rocks?

A

Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic

26
Q

Other rocks put under heat and pressure can turn into ___________ rock.

A

Metamorphic

27
Q

Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation make ___________ rock.

A

Sedimentary rock

28
Q

What is the only type of rocks that contain fossils?

A

Sedimentary rock

29
Q

When organisms die, what are the parts that are most likely to fossilize and why?

A

The hard parts (bones, shells, teeth, seeds, and woody stems) because the soft parts decay quickly.

30
Q

What does the fossil record show?

A

The fossil record provides evidence about the history and life in past environments on Earth. It also shows how different groups of organisms have changed over time.

31
Q

How are fossils used to determine the age of rocks?

A

Index fossils that only existed for geological short time and scientists know when it existed, that means the rocks around it are around the same age.

32
Q

Describe how scientists determine the relative age of rocks.

A

They use the law of superposition, which says that rock layers closest to the surface are younger than the ones below it.

33
Q

How do scientists find the absolute age of rocks?

A

They use radioactive decay to measure the age of rocks. This can only be used on to date igneous rock.

34
Q

What is the geologic timescale?

A

A record of the geological events and the evolution of lifeforms as shown in the fossil record.

35
Q

What did scientists use to develop the geologic timescale?

A

They studied rock layers and index fossils worldwide to find the relative age of rocks.

36
Q

The independent variable goes on the ___________ axis and ___________ change it.

A

x; you/scientists

37
Q

The dependent variable goes on the ___________ axis and ___________ change.

A

y; measures

38
Q

Repeating your experiment over and over again.

A

Repetition

39
Q

When another scientist repeats your experiment.

A

Replication

40
Q

A well tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results.

A

Theory

41
Q

A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen under a particular set of conditions.

A

Law

42
Q

Scientific explanations, theories, and laws are based on what?

A

Empirical evidence

43
Q

When does science change?

A

When there is new evidence or new interpretations. Also when future testing proves it a theory to be incorrect, or forms in a new theory.

44
Q

The transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas).

A

Convection

Science 1st Semester (4 decks)

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