1st semester exam Flashcards
what is the agricultural revolution
When people started to farm and domesticate animals, instead of hunting and gathering
when was the agricultural revolution
10,000 BC
what does paleolithic mean
old stone age
what happened during the paleolithic era
people lived in hunter-gatherer tribes, and used stone tools
what does mesolithic mean
middle stone age
what happened during the mesolithic era
the agricultural revolution began
what does neolithic mean
new stone age
what happened in the neolithic era
villages started to form, and people relied on domesticated crops and animals
what does prehistory mean
time before written language
what does hunter-gatherer mean
nomads who hunt and gather plants and animals instead of growing and raising them
when does history start
3000 BC
dates of Harappan civilization
2600-1800 BC
who was Ashoka
ruler of the Maurya empire, he retired and became Buddhist which helped make buddhism more popular and more prominent
years of Ashoka’s reign
268-233 BC
who is siddhartha guatama
he was “the Buddha’ he founded Buddhism
when did Siddhartha guatama live
563-483 BC
when and why does the Harappan Civilization disappear
theory 1) environmental change, the river dried up
theory 2) the aryan invasion
dates of mauryan empire
321-185
what is the caste system
a rigid social class system passed down through families
what is reincarnation
when you die and are reborn in a different body
what is dharma
is positive, removes karma, comes from good deeds
what is karma
is a negative, you don’t want it, comes from bad deeds, dharma gets rid of it, prevents you from reaching nirvana
what is nirvana
the final goal, an escape from reincarnation and karma, there is no no desire or suffering
what are the 4 noble truths of Buddhism
1) life is suffering
2) desire & ignorance are the cause of that suffering
3) you can get out of the suffering
4)the way out of suffering = the 8 fold path
what is the 8 fold path
right view, right resolve, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort,right mindfulness, right samadhi
religous text of Aryans
Veda
who is Hammurabi
king of Babylon, made the oldest most complete law code we have
when did Hammurabi reign
1792-1750 BC
1st empire
Akkadian empire
what is a city-state
a city that forms an independent sovereign state
what is the capital of the Hittite empire
Hattusa
when was the battle between the Egyptians and Hittite empire
1285 BC
when did the Egyptians perfect and build pyramids
old kingdom
how is Egyptian history divided
old kingdom, middle kingdom, new kingdom, intermediate 1, intermediate 2
king of Lydia
croesus
date of aryan invasion
1500 BC
who are the Phoenicians, why do we care
highly skilled sailors and merchants, known for the purple dye they sold, invented the alphabet
Israel split is the 2 kingdoms of:
Judah and Israel
when was Judah destroyed?
598
when was Israel destroyed
722
years of babylonian exile
598-538
when do israelites enter canaan
1200
where is Minoan Civilization
on Crete
dates for seize of troy
1194-1184
what are Greek dark ages
caused by the Dorian invasion, a time of no records or writing, so we don’t know much about it
when are greek dark ages
1200-800
evidence from the minoan civilization comes from what site
knossos
where does the name of the aegean sea come from
the father of Theseus, Aegeas, threw himself into the sea when he thought his son was dead
who was Darius, what did he do
king of Persia started the Royal Road, conquered thrace and indus valley, organised the empire into satrapies (provinces)
when did Darius reign
521-486 BC
who was Cyrus the Great, what did he do
king of Persia, conquered Lydia, Babylon, and
the Medean empire
when did cyrus the great reign
559-530
who was Cambyces, what did he do
king of Persia, moved the capital of Persia to Susa, conquered egypt
reign of Cambyces
529-522
what is zoarastrianism
the monotheistic religion of Persia, with one universal, uncreated, supreme deity= Ahura Mazda, truth was revealed through the prophet Zoroastar, when you die your soul stays on earth for 3 days and 1 night
theory for the end of the Mycenaean civilization
Natural disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
what is the Achaemenid empire
the first persian empire, started by cyrus the great,
